谁是学生?——柏拉图《法义》解析

Who Is the Student:An Analysis of Plato’s Laws

《法义》是柏拉图最为重要的教育著作之一,它涉及“谁是学生”的问题。在柏拉图看来,作为立法者的两位多里斯老人,是在场的学生;年轻人虽然被排斥在现场的对话之外,是缺席的,但他们同样也是学生。两位多里斯老人与作为教师的雅典人的关系并不密切,但作为学生,他们的天性是卓越的,可教的。年轻人之所以不在场,根本上是为了对老年人教育的顺利进行,因为年轻人的性情与老年人的性情存在差异,他们同时在场会影响良好教育效果的达成。柏拉图将学生进行分类,是出于次好城邦建构的需要,显现了柏拉图卓越的古典教育智慧。对于现代教育来说,《法义》对学习者的规定具有真理性,人们应该意识到学习者的差异并发挥教育者的实践智慧。

The Laws is one of Plato’s most important educational works.This work deals with the question of“who is the student”.In Plato’s view,the two Doris old people of Doris,as legislators,are students present.Although the young people are excluded from the on-site dialogue and absent,they are still students.The two old men of Doris,not closely related to the Athenians as teachers,but as students,their nature is remarkable and teachable.The reason why young people are not present is basically for the smooth progress of education for the elderly,because the temperament of young people is different from that of the elderly,and their presence at the same time will affect the achievement of good educational results.Plato’s classification of students is out of the need for the construction of the second best city-state,showing Plato’s excellent classical educational wisdom.