体育仲裁“一事不再理”原则的多维解读与适用进路——以新《体育法》第97条为中心

Multi-dimensional interpretation and applicable approach of the principle of"non bis in idem"in sports arbitration——Focused on article 97 of the new Sports Law

新《体育法》中新增体育仲裁专章成为我国体育仲裁救济方式之开篇,该章第97条是“一事不再理”原则在体育仲裁中的法律规范,但该原则的适用范围与进路尚不明晰。所以有必要先分析“一事不再理”原则在体育仲裁中的内在逻辑。其次,因新《体育法》第97条在规范上存在概括性和模糊性,故须明确该原则的生效时间、作用对象、作用范围以及例外情况等内容。最后,分析体育仲裁实践中出现“重复仲裁”“重复诉讼”现象的多重诱因,结合体育纠纷的特殊性,借鉴国际体育仲裁院的域外经验以及国内民事诉讼判定“重复诉讼”的标准,总结出“一事不再理”原则的适用进路应当遵守“三同说”基本原则,以及在涉兴奋剂案件和第三方主体案件中的特别标准。对“一事不再理”原则的多维解读与适用进路的确定,可有效减少甚至规避“重复仲裁”“重复诉讼”现象的产生,同时有力助推我国体育仲裁独立、公正、高效运行,更好地发挥体育仲裁在体育法治现代化进程中的重要作用。

The newly revised"Sports Law"introduces a dedicated chapter on sports arbitration,marking the commencement of the sports arbitration relief mechanism in China.Article 97 of this chapter establishes the legal framework for the principle of"non bis in idem"in sports arbitration,but the precise scope of application and procedures of this principle remain unclear up till now.Therefore,it is imperative to initially examine the intrinsic logic of the"non bis in idem"principle in sports arbitration.Subsequently,given the generality and vagueness in the regulatory language of Article 97 of the new"Sports Law",it is necessary to provide clarity on the effective date,applicability,scope,and exceptions associated with this principle.Finally,an analysis of the multiple factors contributing to the occurrence of"repeated arbitration"and"repeated litigation"in sports arbitration practice is presented.This analysis takes the unique nature of sports disputes into account and draws insights from the experiences of the international Court of Arbitration for Sport(CAS)and the domestic civil litigation standards concerning"repeated litigation".Consequently,the paper formulates the application approach for the"non bis in idem"principle,emphasizing adherence to the fundamental principles of the"three identity doctrine".Additionally,it establishes specific standards for cases involving doping and third-party entities.It can be seen that this paper offers a multidimensional interpretation of the"non bis in idem"principle and also provides an approach for its application,effectively reducing or even mitigating the occurrence of"repeated arbitration"and"repeated litigation",and then plays a significant role in promoting the independent,fair,and efficient operation of sports arbitration in China,contributing to the ongoing process of modernizing sports law.