基于开花物候期和花粉质量初步筛选库尔勒香梨适宜的授粉品种

Preliminary Screening of Suitable Pollination Varieties for Korla Fragrant Pear Based on Flowering Phenology and Pollen Quality

库尔勒香梨是新疆特色林果业支柱产业之一,属于严格异花授粉的梨品种,在南疆立地条件下筛选合适的授粉品种是实现库尔勒香梨提质增效的重要技术措施。2021—2022年,在花期对30多个梨品种与库尔勒香梨的相对有效授粉期进行了调查,利用血球计数板法与花粉离体萌发法对供试梨品种进行了花药花粉量与花粉离体萌芽率的检测。结果表明:2021年供试梨品种与库尔勒香梨有效授粉期相遇的时间平均为7.82 d,2022年供试梨品种与库尔勒香梨的有效授粉期相遇的时间平均为6.07 d,2022年不同梨品种花期受高温影响较2021年花期整体缩短;花药花粉量在品种间的变幅为214.29~6928.57粒·花药-1,均值为4435.79粒·花药-1;花粉离体萌芽率在品种间的变幅为4.23%~74.70%,均值为36.52%,以上2个指标在品种间差异极显著。对连续2年不同梨品种的有效授粉期、花药花粉量和花粉离体萌芽率3个指标综合权衡,结合各品种多年的田间表现,决选出14个库尔勒香梨授粉品种:砀山酥梨、鸭梨、雪花梨、南果梨、丰水、明月、圆黄、鄂梨1号、寒红、黄花、早酥梨、中梨1号、新妃和阿克苏句句梨,以便下一步开展授粉试验,从果实直感角度对授粉品种进一步筛选,为选择库尔勒香梨优良授粉品种、丰富新疆梨种质资源提供科学参考。

Korla fragrant pear is one of the pillar industries of Xinjiang's characteristic forest and fruit industry,and belongs to a pear variety with strict cross-pollination.Screening suitable pollination varieties under site conditions in southern Xinjiang is an important technical measure to achieve quality and efficiency improvement of Korla fragrant pear.In the two years 2021-2022,a survey was conducted on the relative effective pollination period of over 30 pear varieties and Korla fragrant pear during the flowering period.The blood cell counting plate method and pollen in vitro germination method were used to detect the anther pollen quantity and pollen in vitro germination rate of the tested pear varieties.The results showed that the average effective pollination period between the tested pear varieties and Korla fragrant pear in 2021 was 7.82 days,and the average effective pollination period between the tested pear varieties and Korla fragrant pear in 2022 was 6.07 days.The overall flowering period of different pear varieties in 2022 was shortened compared to 2021 due to the influence of high temperature;The variation range of anther pollen quantity among varieties was 214.29-6928.57 grains·anther-1,The average was 4435.79 grains·anther-1.The variation range of pollen germination rate in vitro among varieties was 4.23%-74.70%,The average was 36.52%,The two indicators show significant differences between varieties.By comprehensively weighing the effective pollination period,anther pollen quantity,and pollen germination rate of different pear varieties for two consecutive years,combined with the field performance of each variety for many years,14 Korla fragrant pear pollination varieties were selected:Dangshan Suli,Yali,Xuehuali,Nanguoli,Hosuii,Meigetsu,Wonhwang,Eli No.1,Hanhong,Huanghua,Zaosuli,Zhongli No.1,Xinfei and Akesu Jujuli as the basis for the screening of the next artificial pollination experiment.The aim is to provide scientific references for selecting excellent pollination varieties of fragrant pears and enriching Xinjiang pear germplasm resources.