数据利用正当性判断:比例原则约束下的利益衡量

Judgment on the Legitimacy of Data Utilization: Interest Measurement Under the Principle of Proportionality Restraint

司法实践中对数据利用引发的竞争纠纷往往适用反不正当竞争法第二条(一般条款)来解决,就一般条款的理解适用,主流的观点是围绕行为是否违背“商业道德”进行判断,然而,“商业道德”标准具有一定的模糊性,对行为正当性的认定应回归行为本身,而利益衡量方法直接指向“竞争行为”,具体评价竞争行为对竞争利益产生的深层影响,利益衡量方法是反不正当竞争法采取行为规制模式的具体策略,与反不正当竞争法的思维范式、制度理念高度契合。在利益衡量的具体实践路径上,引入比例原则作为评价工具,使数据利用正当性判断的边界跳出“模糊宽泛”的窠臼得以合理划定。

In judicial practice,competition disputes arising from the use of data are often resolved by applying Article 2(general provisions)of the Anti-Unfair Competition Law,and the mainstream view on the understanding and application of the general provisions is to judge whether the behavior is contrary to“business ethics”,however,the standard of“business ethics”has a certain degree of ambiguity,and the determination of the legitimacy of the behavior should be returned to the behavior itself,while the method of measuring interests directly points to the“competitive behavior”,and specifically evaluates the deeper impact of the competitive behavior on the interests of competition,and the method of measuring interests is a specific strategy of the anti-unfair competition law to adopt the behavioral regulation mode,which is highly compatible with the thinking paradigm and institutional concept of the anti-unfair competition law.On the specific practical path of measuring interests,the introduction of the principle of proportionality as an evaluation tool enables the boundaries of judging the legitimacy of data utilization to be reasonably delineated beyond the“vague and broad”norm.