特异性乳糖酶的开发研究进展

Progress on development of characteristic lactase

乳糖酶是一种重要的生物催化剂,基于其水解和转糖苷功能,能水解乳糖和生产低聚半乳糖。在乳糖酶的实际应用中,受复杂反应体系和反应条件(不适宜的酸碱度、高温和有机溶剂)的影响,乳糖酶的稳定性和酶活性较差,制约了乳糖酶的应用。因此,开发适应工业应用条件的特异性乳糖酶及其高效生产的研究一直是研究者们关注的焦点。本文在介绍耐热乳糖酶、低温乳糖酶、耐盐乳糖酶、酸性乳糖酶和耐溶剂化乳糖酶的研究的基础上,综述特异性乳糖酶的催化机制、高产菌株培育、定向进化以及应用策略等方面的进展,并对工业应用前景进行展望,以期为特异性乳糖酶的深入探索和应用开发提供参考。

Lactase,as an important biocatalyst for its hydrolysis and transglycosidation,plays major roles in the hydrolysis of lactose and production of galactooligosaccharides.Due to the complexity of reaction systems and reaction conditions(unsuitable pH,high temperature,organic solvent),lactase usually exhibits poor stability and activity,which highly restricts the applications.Therefore,characteristic lactase has become a research focus in this field,which can potentially offer suilable reaction conditions for industrial applications.Herein.We described several specific lactases,including thermostable lactase,low-temperature lactase,salt tolerant lactase,acid lactase and solvation resistant lactase.In addition,we presented the outlook of their industrial applications from the perspective of catalytic mechanism of specific lactase,cultivation of high-yield strains,directional evolution and application strategy.We hope this review can provide reference for the in-depth exploration of specific lactase,as well as their industrial applications.