世界中学生男子跳高冠军董子昂专项技术诊断

Technical Analysis of Men's High Jump Champion at the ISF Gymnasiade Normandy 2022

运用文献资料、专家访谈、视频拍摄和解析、实地观察、数理统计和对比分析等研究方法对董子昂进行研究。认为,(1)其技术特点为:助跑最后2步步长稳定、步速快且保持能力强和质心不断升高;起跳过程中H 0与H 1较高,起跳着地时已获得向上的垂直速度,起跳时间短;起跳腿着地膝角较大,腿部肌肉弹性和超等长收缩能力出色;摆动腿摆动速度快。(2)其技术不足为:助跑速度、节奏和点位不稳定;起跳腿支撑能力差;起跳阶段速度转化率低,垂直速度慢、腾起角小和质心垂直工作距离短;过杆经济性差。(3)其失败跳次成因为:助跑速度过快超出自身可控范围;助跑节奏和助跑点位发生改变;起跳阶段速度转化能力降低;摆动腿摆速降低,离地时刻折叠程度和制动高度不充分;起跳腿蹬伸幅度小,离地时髋关节和膝关节未充分伸展。对青少年跳高运动员的训练提出建议:(1)助跑阶段训练中,在提高助跑速度前应先评定运动员起跳阶段速度转化能力;在提高助跑速度的同时注重助跑节奏、助跑点位及助跑稳定性;关注髋关节在助跑过程中的相对位置。(2)起跳阶段训练中,除训练运动员起跳腿支撑能力和蹬伸能力、摆动腿的快速摆动和高摆制动能力外,应加强双腿蹬摆配合技术的一致性、连贯性和稳定性;及时调整起跳距离来减小H D值,提高过杆经济性和H 2利用率。

This study focuses on analyzing and enhancing the high jump techniques of athlete Dong Zi’ang,using a multidisciplinary approach including literature review,expert interviews,video analysis,field observation,and statistical methods.Dong's technical strengths are identified:stable run-up steps,high and consistent speed,increasing center of mass from run-up to take-off,high vertical velocity at touch-down,short take-off time,significant knee angle at touch-down,excellent muscle flexibility,and a rapid swing leg movement.Conversely,Dong's technical weaknesses are noted:unstable run-up speed,rhythm,and point;weak take-off leg support;low velocity conversion rate;insufficient flight angle and vertical working distance during take-off;and suboptimal bar clearance economy.The reasons behind Dong's failed jumps include excessive run-up speed,inconsistent run-up rhythm and point,reduced velocity conversion rate at take-off,decreased swing leg speed,inadequate knee extension,and insufficient hip-knee stretch at take-off.For teenage high jumpers'training,the study recommends initially assessing and improving velocity conversion ability before increasing take-off speed.It emphasizes stabilizing run-up speed and rhythm at varying jump heights and maintaining proper hip positioning during run-up.In take-off training,it advises enhancing extension-swing coordination,bolstering take-off leg support and extension,and improving swing leg's rapid movement and braking ability.Adjustments to take-off distance should consider the horizontal distance between the athlete's peak height and the bar to improve bar clearance efficiency and optimize height utilization(H2),thereby minimizing jump failures.