陕西韩城芝川古代冶铁遗址初步考察

A Preliminary Investigation of Ancient Iron Smelting Site in Zhichuan,Hancheng,Shaanxi Province

韩城芝川古代冶铁遗址位于陕西省渭南市韩城芝川镇芝西村,遗存面积超4000 m^(2),考古年代为西汉。科研团队对该遗址开展冶金考古田野调查并采集到炉渣、陶片等遗物,使用扫描电镜及能谱(SEM-EDS)、金(矿)相显微观察等手段对采集到的18个冶炼遗物进行成分分析和显微结构观察。结果表明,16个炉渣为硅钙铝系高钙低铁炉渣,基体主要为玻璃相、偶见铁橄榄石,其产品是生铁,应为生铁冶炼炉渣。1个炉渣为高铁渣,以浮氏体为主、间有铁橄榄石和极少量玻璃相;1个样品的块状金属为熟铁,很可能为生铁炒钢的遗物。该遗址主要是生铁冶炼遗址,同时进行炒钢冶金活动,是迄今发现陕西渭南地区最早的生铁炒钢遗址。

Hancheng Zhichuan ancient iron smelting site is located at Zhixi village,Zhichuan town,Hancheng,Weinan city,Shaanxi province,the remains cover an area of over 4000 m^(2),and archaeologically dated to the Western Han Dynasty.The research team carries out archaeometallurgical field investigation on the site and collects smelting relics such as slag and ceramic shatter.Composition analysis and microstructure observation of the 18 smelting relics were carried out using SEM and SEM-EDS,and optical micrographs.The experimental results show that 16 slag samples are high-calcium and low-iron slag of Si-Ca-Al system,the matrix is mainly glassy phase,occasionally fayalite,which should be cast iron smelting slag.One slag sample is high iron slag,mainly consisting of wüstite,and with a little fayalite and glass;another sample is metal block that microstructure is wrought iron,which these two samples may be likely the relics of puddling steel.This site is mainly a cast iron smelting site and also carries out the production activities of puddling steel,which is the earliest site of puddling steel production found in the Weinan area,Shaanxi province.