UBE-LIF与后路病灶清除植骨融合内固定术治疗腰椎布氏杆菌性脊柱炎的临床疗效比较

Clinical efficacy of UBE-LIF versus posterior lesion removal bone graft fusion fixation in the treatment of lumbar brucelli spondylitis

目的对比UBE-LIF(unilateral biportal endoscopic technique with transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion)技术行病灶清除联合经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定术与经典后路病灶清除植骨融合内固定术治疗腰椎布氏杆菌性脊柱炎(LBS)的安全性及临床疗效。方法回顾性分析甘肃省中医院脊柱骨科2020年1月至2022年1月收治的32例LBS患者的临床资料,按术式分为UBE-LIF组(n=15)和开放组(n=17)。记录并分析两组的一般资料、手术相关指标及术后病理HE染色;根据术前、术后1周及术后1、3、6个月和1年的红细胞沉降率(ESR)和C反应蛋白(CRP)变化,腰痛疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、日本骨科协会评分(JOA)、Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)评估患者临床恢复情况;影像学方法测量术前及末次随访时腰椎前凸角(LL)和椎间隙高度(DH),并采用Suk分级标准评估椎间植骨融合情况。结果两组患者均顺利完成手术,且均未发生严重术后并发症。两组患者的性别、年龄、手术节段、手术时间、术前ESR和CRP水平、术前VAS、JOA评分及ODI指数、术前LL和DH等资料比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);UBE-LIF组术中出血量、术后引流量、术后下床时间、术后住院时间明显少于开放组(P<0.001);术中取病变组织行病理学检查,均符合布氏杆菌病改变。两组患者均获随访,随访时间12~18个月,平均14.8个月。两组患者的术后各时间点VAS、JOA评分和ODI指数均较术前明显改善(P<0.05);其中两组在术后1周差异较为明显:UBE-LIF组VAS评分低于开放组(P<0.01),两组CRP均较术前升高且UBE-LIF组升高水平明显低于开放组(P<0.001),两组ESR较术前无明显差异(P>0.05);术后其余各时间点两组间VAS、JOA评分和ODI指数、CRP及ESR比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。末次随访时影像学检查示,UBE-LIF组椎间植骨总体融合率为93.3%,开放组为94.1%,差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.246,P=0.884);两组LL和DH均较术前显著改善(P<0.01),两组手术前后差值比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论两种术式治疗LBS均安全有效;与后路病灶清除植骨融合内固定术相比,UBE-LIF技术联合经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定术具有术中视野清晰、出血量少、术后早期恢复更快、术后住院时间更短等优势,是一种可行的微创治疗LBS的手术方式。

Objective To compare the safety and clinical efficacy of lesion removal combined with percutaneous pedicle screw fixation with classical posterior lesion removal in the treatment of lumbar brucelli spondylitis(LBS)by unilateral biportal endoscopic technique with transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion(UBE-LIF)technique.Methods The clinical data of 32 patients with LBS admitted by the Department of Spine and Orthopedics of Gansu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2020 to January 2022 were retrospectively analyzed,and the clinical data of the 32 LBS patients were divided into 15 cases in the UBE-LIF group and 17 cases in the posterior group.The general data,surgery-related indexes,and postoperative pathological HE staining of the two groups were recorded and analyzed.The patients’clinical recovery was assessed according to their erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR)and C-reactive protein(CRP),low back pain visual analogue score(VAS),Japanese Orthopaedic Association(JOA)score,and Oswestry Dysfunction Index(ODI)preoperative,1 week after surgery,1,3,6 months and 1 year after surgery.Lumbar lordosis angle(LL)and intervertebral space height(DH)were measured by imaging before surgery and at the last follow-up,and intervertebral bone graft fusion was assessed using Suk grading criteria.Results Both groups successfully completed the operation and no serious postoperative complications occurred.There were no significant differences in gender,age,surgical segment,operation time,preoperative ESR and CRP,preoperative VAS,JOA score and ODI index,preoperative LL and DH(P>0.05).The intraoperative blood loss,postoperative drainage,postoperative getting out of bed,and postoperative hospital stay in UBE-LIF group were significantly lower than those in the posterior group(P<0.001).Pathological examination of diseased tissues was performed during surgery,all of which was consistent with brucellosis changes.Patients in both groups were followed up for 12-18 months,with an average of 14.8 months.The VAS,JOA score,and ODI index at all postoperative time points in the two groups were significantly improved compared with the preoperative period(P<0.05).The difference between the two groups was significantly greater than that in the postoperative group:VAS score was lower in UBE-LIF group than in the posterior group(P<0.01),CRP in both groups was higher than that in the preoperative group,and the elevation level was significantly lower in UBE-LIF group than in the posterior group(P<0.001).There was no significant difference in ESR between the two groups compared with that before surgery(P>0.05).There were no significant differences in VAS,JOA score,ODI index,CRP or ESR between the remaining time points after surgery(P>0.05).At the last follow-up,imaging examination showed that the overall fusion rate of intervertebral bone graft in UBE-LIF group was 93.3%and 94.1%in the posterior group,without significant difference(χ^(2)=0.246,P=0.884).LL and DH were significantly improved in both groups compared with preoperative ones(P<0.01),and the two groups did not significantly differ before and after surgery(P>0.05).Conclusion Both surgical treatments for LBS are safe effect.Compared with posterior lesion removal bone graft fusion internal fixation,UBE-LIF technology combined with percutaneous pedicle screw internal fixation has the advantages of clear intraoperative vision,less blood loss,faster early postoperative recovery,and shorter postoperative hospital stay,and thus is a feasible surgical method for the minimally invasive treatment of LBS.