“超华生”的胎动:郭任远激进行为主义思想的历史重估

The“Fetal Movement”of Out-Watson Mr.Watson:A Historical Reassessment of Zing-Yang Kuo’s Radical Behaviorism

20世纪初期,中国青年学者郭任远凭借其激进的观点,在国际“本能论战”中有力地声援了行为主义运动。本文结合郭任远的自述和相关史料,将其反本能思想划分为三个阶段,并由此管窥郭任远激进行为主义思想的雏形及其对行为主义心理学历史进程的深刻影响。尽管如此,郭任远在本能论战中扮演的角色只是他作为“超华生”的胎动。行为学——一门多学科交叉的新科学将为郭任远开启新的学术征程,并最终推动其建构行为渐成论,进而为行为的发生发展指明认识论上的方向。

In the early 20th century,Zing-Yang Kuo,a young Chinese psychologist,strongly supported the behaviorism movement in the international“instinct debate”with his radical views.Based on Kuo’s self-statement and related historical materials,this paper divides his anti-instinct thought into three stages,and explores the embryonic form of Kuo’s radical behaviorism thought and its profound impact on the historical process of behaviorism psychology.Nevertheless,Kuo’s role in the instinct debate is only his fetal movement as an“Out-Watson Mr.Watson”.As a new interdisciplinary science,praxiology opened a new academic journey for Kuo,and finally promoted his construction of behavior epigenetics theory,and then pointed out the epistemological direction for the origin and development of behavioral ontogeny.