我国地面沉降状况及其对国土空间规划的影响探讨——以北京市为例

Discussion on the ground subsidence status in China and its impact on national spatial planning:A case study of Beijing

地面沉降是影响我国社会经济可持续发展的主要灾害因素之一。自2016年起,我国已形成了以合成孔径雷达干涉测量技术为主的地面沉降遥感监测模式。同时,目前正处在按照“多规合一”原则编制国土空间规划的重要时期。但是,由于种种原因,地面沉降信息目前未能在国土空间规划中充分应用。本文概述了我国的地面沉降状况和主要沉降区信息,指出了地面沉降与国土空间规划的关联,以北京市为例,详细分析了国土空间规划变更与地面沉降的关系。结果表明,地面沉降速率超过30 mm/a、50 mm/a的地区,分别在北京新规划中被划为生态控制区和限制建设区的面积占比为59.2%、68.4%,反映出北京国土空间规划编制中充分考虑了地面沉降的限制性影响。文章期望为推动地面沉降信息在国土空间规划编制过程中的深入应用提供启发与参考作用。

Ground subsidence is a primary disaster factor affecting the sustainable development of China’s social economy.Since 2016,China has adopted a comprehensive monitoring approach,primarily utilizing interferometric synthetic aperture radar(InSAR)technology,to periodically monitor major subsidence-prone areas.Concurrently,the country is in a crucial stage of formulating its national spatial planning in accordance with the principle of integrating multiple regulations.Ground subsidence is fundamentally induced by the continuous demands for various resources,including groundwater,mineral resources(such as coal,oil,and natural gas),and land resources,which are inherently driven by economic and social development.Thus,ground subsidence,to some extent,reflects the usage of the environmental carrying capacity of these resources.Consequently,ground subsidence constitutes a restrictive factor that must be considered during the formulation of spatial planning.However,ground subsidence information has not yet been fully exploited on large scale for spatial planning in China.In this paper,an overview of ground subsidence situation over the entire territory of China is provided first,with an emphasis on four major plains:the North China plain,the Yangzi River delta,the Pearl Rive delta,and the Fenwei plain.Secondly,the connection between ground subsidence and spatial planning is analyzed.Finally,the impact of ground subsidence on spatial planning is illustrated using Beijing as an example.Ground subsidence velocities in Beijing from 2012 to 2019 are provided,along with Beijing’s spatial planning maps for the periods of 2004-2020 and 2016-2035.The changes in Beijing’s spatial planning and its relationship with ground subsidence are analyzed in detail.It has been discovered that out of the subsiding regions with subsidence rate larger than 30 mm/a and 50 mm/a,59.2%and 68.4%areas,respectively,are planned as ecological control zones or construction restriction zones in Beijing’s spatial planning map for 2016-2035.This is a clear indicator that ground subsidence information has been fully considered in the process of formulating Beijing’s spatial planning.This paper is useful for providing reference and thought-provoking ideas to promote the in-depth application of ground subsidence in the process of formulating national spatial planning in China.