不同品种饲草在帕米尔高原牧区的生产性能及营养品质比较

Comparison of Performance and Nutritional Quality of Different Forage Species in Pamir Plateau Pastoral Area

为筛选适合在高海拔地区种植的优良禾本科饲料作物品种,在新疆克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州乌恰县帕米尔高原牧区河谷耕地引进种植4个燕麦(Avena sativa)品种,1个小黑麦(Triticale)品种和1个黑麦(Secale)品种,对其产草量和营养品质进行研究,并采用灰色关联度分析法进行了综合评价。结果表明:黑麦品种捷达冬牧70的株高为167.89 cm,极显著高于其他品种(P<0.01)。燕麦品种格莱德的茎粗和分蘖数最大,分别为0.48 cm和5.03个,均极显著高于其他品种(P<0.01)。捷达冬牧70和格莱德的干草产量分别为13.68 t/hm^(2)和13.57 t/hm^(2),极显著高于其他品种(P<0.01)。不同供试品种营养品质存在一定差异,格莱德和速捷的粗蛋白含量在9%以上,极显著高于其他品种(P<0.01)。燕麦品种边锋的粗脂肪和淀粉含量最高,中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量最低,与其他供试品种均有极显著差异(P<0.01)。通过灰色关联度综合分析得出各品种优先排序为:格莱德>捷达冬牧70>速捷>边锋>青海444>凯速。因此,在兼顾生产性能和营养品质的基础上,认为在帕米尔高原牧区推广种植格莱德燕麦和捷达冬牧70黑麦较为适宜。

In order to screen excellent gramineous forage crops suitable for planting in high altitude areas,four oat(Avena sativa)varieties,one triticale(Triticale)and one rye(Secale)variety were introduced and planted in the valley farmland of Pamir plateau grazing area in Wuqia County of Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture in Xinjiang.Through measured the production performance and nutritional quality,and the comprehensive evaluation was carried out by grey relational degree analysis.The results showed the following,The plant height of the rye variety Jieda Dongmu 70 was 167.89 cm,which was significantly higher than that of other varieties(P<0.01),The stem diameter and tiller number of oat variety Ge Laide were the largest,which were 0.48 cm and 5.03.which were significantly higher than that of other varieties(P<0.01).The hay yield of Jeda Dongmu 70 and Ge Laide were 13.68 t/hm^(2) and 13.57 t/hm^(2),which were significantly higher than those of other varieties(P<0.01).There were some differences in nutritional quality among different varieties.The crude protein content of Ge Laide and Sujie was higher than that of other varieties(P<0.01),which was more than 9%.The crude fat and starch contents of Bianfeng were the highest,and the neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber contents were the least.There were significant differences of other trial varieties(P<0.01).By the comprehensive analysis of grey relational degree,the priority order of the varieties was as follows:Ge Laide>Jeda Dongmu 70>Sujie>Bianfeng>Qinghai No.444>Kaisu.Therefore,considering the production performance and nutritional quality,it is more suitable to plant the varieties of Ge Laide Oat and Jeda Dongmu 70 rye in the pastoral area of Pamir Plateau.