高校“资助包”激励学生全面发展了吗?——基于J省10所高校4518名学生的验证

Has the Financial Aid Package Encouraged College Students to Develop in an All-round Way:An Empirical Analysis Based on 4518 Samples from 10 Colleges in J Province

高校学生资助是我国政府实施的一项重大公共政策,精准资助育人与学生全面发展日益成为最重要的政策目标。从学生学业行为与高校资助的经济学属性出发,探讨了学生学业成绩与综合素质之间动态互补-替代特征,以J省10所高校4518名学生为样本,运用倾向得分匹配(PSM)等方法分析“资助包”对学生全面发展的激励效应。实证结果显示:(1)可以谨慎地认为高校学生“资助包”总体上能够激励学生提升学业成绩和综合素质;(2)现行“资助包”具有弱激励性,只有奖学金、助学金等无偿资助项目能够提升学生的综合素质,其他有偿或准有偿资助项目反而抑制学生全面发展。因此,现行的高校学生资助应进一步完善基于学业行为特征的资助对象精准识别机制,进一步完善既充分尊重个体差异又重点突出“综合成就导向”的资助项目体系,进一步优化无偿、(准)有偿、延迟支付等资助方式以及与之相适应的学生自主化、多元化、弹性化资助申请机制,进一步强化资金结构和资助额度科学设置及其投入产出精准评价体系。

As an important public policy implemented by the Chinese government,the targeted financial and educational aid as well as the comprehensive development of students have increasingly become the most desired policy goals.Starting from the economic attributes of student academic behavior and university funding,this paper explores the dynamic complement-alternative features between student academic performance and comprehensive quality.This paper also analyzes,taking 4518 students from 10 colleges and universities in J Province as samples,the incentive effect of the aid package on the student all-round development using propensity score matching method(PSM)and other methods.The empirical results show that:i.it is prudent to believe that the financial aid can generally motivate students to improve their academic performance and comprehensive quality;ii.the current aid package has a weak incentive,and only the gratuitous aid items such as scholarships and grants can improve the comprehensive quality,while other paid or quasi-paid aid items can inhibit the development in all-round way.Therefore,it is not only necessary but also urgent to further improve the precise identification mechanism of the candidates for the aid items according to the student academic behavior characteristics,to further improve the student aid system that fully respects individual differences and focuses on the comprehensive achievement of the recipient,to further optimize the funding methods such as the gratuitous,quasi-gratuitous,deferrable items as well as the corresponding application mechanism which is more autonomous,diversified and flexible,and to further perfect the aid package items structure and fund allocation quota as well as the corresponding accurate performance evaluation based on the rigorous input-output analysis.