功能核酸稳定性改进策略研究进展

Research progress on strategies for improving functional nucleic acid stability

功能核酸是指具有特殊结构,能够执行特定生物功能的核酸分子。由于其具有易合成、生物相容性好、可编程性、可修饰性以及分子识别特性等独特的属性,功能核酸已经在生物成像、生物传感、生物医学等多种领域发挥不可替代的作用。然而,未经任何修饰的功能核酸在复杂生物体系中易被核酸酶降解,半衰期短,极大限制了其在生物医学中的应用。近年来,许多功能核酸稳定性改进策略被提出,包括碱基修饰改性策略、纳米材料保护策略、结构改变策略和构建左旋核酸策略等。在该篇综述中,讨论了目前具有代表性的功能核酸稳定性改进策略,并对这一前景广阔的领域进行了介绍。

Functional nucleic acids are nucleic acid molecules with special structures that are capable of performing specific biological functions.Due to their unique properties such as easy synthesis,good biocompatibility,programmability,modifiability and molecular recognition properties,functional nucleic acids have been playing an irreplaceable role in various fields such as bioimaging,biosensing and biomedicine.However,functional nucleic acids without any modification are susceptible to degradation by nucleases in complex biological systems and have short half-lives,which greatly limit their applications in biomedicine.In recent years,many strategies have been proposed to improve the stability of functional nucleic acids,including base modification modification strategies,nanomaterial protection strategies,structure modification strategies,and strategies to construct levoribonucleic acids.In this review,we discuss the current representative functional nucleic acid stability improvement strategies and provide an introduction to the challenges and prospects of this promising field.