纳米材料信号增强的SPR免疫传感器研究进展

Research progress of SPR immunosensor with nanomaterials signal enhancement

表面等离子体共振(surface plasmon resonance,SPR)是一种用于监测分子间相互作用的分析技术,当分析物结合到传感表面时,可以通过测量结合分析物前后到贵金属表面折射率的微小变化实现分析物定量分析。SPR免疫传感器无需标记就可以对生物分子进行实时分析检测且具有方便快速、信号灵敏、低耗和易于操作等优点,因此,SPR免疫传感器在临床诊断、药物筛选和生物科技领域备受青睐。与此同时,纳米材料由于其比表面积大、吸附力强、生物相容性好和催化效率高等独特的性能而用于增强各类免疫传感器信号以提高检测灵敏度。目前,纳米材料已经被引入SPR免疫传感器以进一步增强传感信号,从而提高SPR免疫传感器的检测灵敏度。纳米材料的引入使SPR免疫传感器具有多功能、微型化、集成化和一次性快速检测的优势,由此实现高灵敏的实时检测分析。该文主要综述了金属纳米材料、磁性纳米材料、碳纳米材料在SPR信号放大免疫分析方面的应用,并对其未来的发展进行展望。

Surface plasmon resonance(SPR)is an analytical technology used to monitor the interaction between molecules.When the analyte is bonded to the sensing surface,the quantitative analysis of the analyte can be achieved by measuring the small change of the refractive index from the bound analyte to the precious metal surface.SPR immunosensor can perform real-time analysis and detection of biological molecules without labeling.It has the advantages of convenience,rapid speed,signal sensitivity,low consumption and easy operation.Therefore,SPR immunosensor is favored in clinical diagnosis,drug screening and biotechnology.At the same time,nanomaterials are used to enhance the signals of various immune sensors to improve detection sensitivity due to their unique properties such as large specific surface area,strong adsorption,good biocompatibility and high catalytic efficiency.At present,nanomaterials have been introduced into SPR immunosensor to further enhance the sensing signal,so as to improve the detection sensitivity of SPR immunosensor.With the introduction of nanomaterials,SPR immunosensor has the advantages of multi-function,miniaturization,integration and one-time rapid detection,thus realizing highly sensitive real-time detection and analysis.In this paper,the applications of metal nanomaterials,magnetic nanomaterials and carbon nanomaterials in SPR signal amplification immunoassay are reviewed,and their future development is prospected.