我国森林健康评价研究现状分析

Analysis of Current Forest Health Research in China

为科学精准指导森林经营管理,系统总结分析我国森林健康评价研究现状。我国森林健康评价已从定性描述阶段步入定量评估阶段,评价指标选择方面除主要注重生态学指标和环境背景指标外,还加上了社会、经济、人类健康指标,指标体系更全面系统,也更具指导意义;但也有研究者对社会经济、服务功能等方面考虑的较少,影响评价结果的完整性和准确性。评价方法主要有生物指示物评价法、健康距离法、个体评价法、层次分析法、综合评价法、人工神经网络法、主成分分析法等。森林健康评价目前存在的主要问题是森林健康概念与内涵目前并没有统一的概念,对森林进行健康等级划分(健康、亚健康、不健康)存在许多的疑问,评价体系的完善程度以及评价指标体系的合理性直接影响着森林健康评价结果的准确性。未来我国森林健康评价应注意不同地域及不同演替阶段森林健康评价指标选择及其评价标准制定,综合准确便捷反映森林健康状况,森林健康评价与林地经营管理相结合并利用现代新技术新设备。

To guide the forest management based on a scientific and accurate basis,a systematic summary and analysis of the current research status of forest health assessment in China is presented.China's forest health evaluation has shifted from a qualitative description stage to a quantitative stage.In terms of indicators,ecological and environmental background indicators,social,economic,and human health indicators have been added,making the indicator system more comprehensive and systematic,and more instructive.Some researchers,however,have given less consideration to social economy and service functions,affecting the completeness and accuracy of the evaluation results.The evaluation methods mainly contains biological indicator evaluation method,health distance method,individual evaluation method,hierarchical analysis method,comprehensive evaluation method,artificial neural network method,principal component analysis method,etc.The main problems in forest health evaluation today are that there is curently no unified concept of forest health and there are many doubts about the classification of forest health levels(healthy,sub-healthy,unhealthy).The improvement of the evaluation system and the rationality of the evaluation indicator system directly affect the accuracy of the forest health evaluation results.In the future,China's forest health evaluation should pay attention to the selection of forest health evaluation indicators and the development of evaluation standards in different regions and different stages of forest development,reflecting comprehensively and accurately the status of forest health,and combination of forest health evaluation with forestland management which makes use of modern new technologies and equipment.