中国近代农村副业研究综述

Summary of Research on Sideline in Rural Areas in Modern China

在中国近代农村,大多数农户以农业生产为主要收入来源。由于近代中国农村存在人多地少的矛盾,导致农业内卷化现象严重。农村副业可以更好地利用小农家庭的辅助劳动如妇女和儿童等,而副业收入也成为农户主业收入强有力的补充。对中国近代农村副业的研究有助于我们对近代小农家庭的生产活动和收入结构,以及副业生产与农村经济演变之间的关系有更加深刻的理解和认识。本文通过梳理中国近代农村副业的研究成果,发现已有成果侧重于对棉纺织业、桑蚕业等典型农村副业的研究,在区域农村副业研究方面尚需补充和完善,再者,对近代农村副业的经营资金来源、副业产品贸易等的研究也有待加强。

In modern rural China,most farmers take agricultural production as the main source of income.Due to the contradiction of more people and less land in the rural areas of modern China,the phenomenon of agricultural inwardness is serious.Rural sideline business can make better use of the ancillary labor of smallholder families,such as women and children,and the income from sideline business has become a strong supplement to the income from the main business.The study of rural sideline in modern China is helpful for us to have a more profound understanding of the production activities and income structure of modern smallholder families and the relationship between sideline production and the evolution of rural economy.By sorting out the research results of rural sideline in modern China,this paper finds that the existing results focus on the research of typical rural sideline such as cotton textile industry and silkworm industry,and the research of regional rural sideline needs to be supplemented and improved.Moreover,the research on the source of operating funds and the trade of sideline products in modern rural sideline needs to be strengthened.