种植密度对饲用膜荚黄芪农艺性状和产量的影响

Effects of Planting Density on Agronomic Traits and Yield of Astragalus membranaceus

为确定陕北黄土丘陵沟壑区膜荚黄芪饲草适宜种植密度,给高产栽培提供科学依据,笔者于2021-2022年,在无定河下游川地研究了不同种植密度(71430~500000株·hm^(-2))对饲用膜荚黄芪农艺性状和产量的影响。结果表明:随着种植密度的增大,膜荚黄芪的株高、茎粗、分枝数、株幅、单株干重先升后降,中等密度处理农艺性状整体表现良好,种植密度过低产量偏低,过高则饲草品质下降、抗倒伏能力减弱,且由于土壤肥力、光照等条件的限制,不利于后期的生长。基于农艺性状、产量、品质等的交互影响,饲用膜荚黄芪种植密度以12.5万株·hm^(-2)、行株距为40 cm×20 cm为宜。

The study was to determine the planting density suitable for Astragalus membranaceus forage with high quality and high yield in the hilly gully Loess Plateau of northern Shaanxi.The different planting densities(71429~500000 plants·hm^(-2))regarding their agronomic characters and yields of Astragalus membranaceus were studied in 2021/2022 in the lower reach of the Wuding River.The results showed that the agronomic traits of Astragalus membranaceus,such as the plant height,stem diameter,branch number,crown diameter and dry weight per plant,would first increase and then decrease as planting density increased.Astragalus membranaceus of medium planting density presented a better overall agronomic trait.The yield of low planting density treatment was lower,while the high planting density weakened the forage quality and lodging resistance,and increased the competition for soil nutrients,light and other conditions which were unfavorable to its later growth and development.Based on the interaction effects of agronomic traits,yield and quality,the optimal planting density recommended is 125000 plants·hm^(-2),and the row spacing is 40 cm×20 cm.