马铃薯施肥技术参数及推荐施肥量研究

Study on Fertilization Technique Parameters and Recommended Fertilization Rates of Potato

科学施肥对提高马铃薯产量和薯农增收意义重大,科学制定马铃薯施肥方案,落实马铃薯测土配方施肥技术是助力马铃薯产业提质增效重要举措。统计湖南省及其他地区53个“3414”马铃薯肥效试验数据,综合多人研究结果,生产100 kg马铃薯氮、磷、钾养分吸收量(养分系数)具有较好代表性的取值分别为0.556、0.205和0.989 kg/100 kg。分析表明马铃薯氮、磷、钾肥利用率平均值分别为30.66%、19.03%、40.55%;土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量与其对应的有效养分校正系数均表现为极显著负相关;最佳回归数学模型筛选表明,氮、磷、钾有效养分校正系数随土壤有效养分含量增加呈双曲线函数趋势递减。将碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量分别代入3个数学模型即可估算出对应的有效养分校正系数,计算土壤供肥量;若马铃薯产量为26250 kg/hm2,当土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量在50~210,5~62,30~220 mg/kg时,氮、磷、钾肥推荐施用量分别为114~300,45~136,90~364 kg/hm2。研究结果可为马铃薯测土配方施肥提供技术支撑。

In potato cultivation,scientific fertilization is of great significance for increasing yield and farmers'income.To facilitate the scientific development of recommended fertilization strategies for potatoes and enhance the practical application of soil testing-based fertilization techniques,this study used data from 53"3414"potato fertilizer efficiency trials conducted in Hunan Province and other regions across China,and through comprehensive analysis,the nutrient uptake coefficients for nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P2O5),and potassium(K2O)in the production of 100 kg of potatoes were determined as follows:0.556,0.205 and 0.989 kg/100 kg,respectively,demonstrating a high level of representation.Analysis showed that average nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium fertilizer utilization rates for potatoes were 30.66%,19.03%,and 40.55%,respectively.A significantly negative correlation of soil alkaline nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium content with their respective nutrient correction coefficients was established.The estimated optimal regression mathematical models revealed a hyperbolic decrease in the correction coefficients for nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium nutrients with an increase in soil nutrient content.By substituting alkaline nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium content into three mathematical models,the corresponding nutrient correction coefficients could be estimated,and the soil fertilizer supply was calculated.If the target potato yield is set at 26250 kg/ha,the recommended application rates of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer were as follows:114-300,45-136,and 90-364 kg/ha,respectively,when the soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium contents were in the range of 50-210,5-62 and 30-220 mg/kg.This study would provide technical support for soil testing and formula fertilization of potato.