陈皮基源考证及药材种植史简述

Textual Research on the Basic Source of Chenpi and a Brief Introduction to the Planting History of Medicinal Material

陈皮是著名传统中药,药材为芸香科植物橘Citrus reticulata Blanco及其栽培品种的干燥成熟果皮。通过查阅历代本草典籍,并结合近现代相关研究成果对陈皮的基源进行考证,包括基源植物、原产地及种植历史、有效成分及药效分析、分子水平的亲缘关系研究等。陈皮以广东省所产的“广陈皮”为佳,广陈皮又以广东新会地区产的“新会陈皮(茶枝柑C.reticulata cv.Chachiensis)”作为中国传统道地药材,质量尤佳,是国家地理标志产品。橘皮陈用始于梁代,盛于明清,传至现代;明朝明确提出“陈皮广中为胜”,强调广陈皮的道地性。陈皮品类丰富,其总黄酮含量差异较大;除橙皮苷外,芸香科植物所特有的多甲氧基黄酮类化合物、挥发油类,能够较好地区分不同来源的陈皮,建议加入下一版的《中国药典》,作为质量控制指标之一。南丰蜜桔、年橘、椪柑、芦柑等栽培品种的黄酮类化合物、多糖成分含量与茶枝柑差异较小,可作为陈皮应用的有效种植资源。我国丰富的野生柑橘资源具有强的抗性和对生境的适应能力,是新品种选育的重要基础,应加强针对性保护和开发利用研究。该考证结果可为广陈皮、陈皮的进一步开发利用提供依据。

Chenpi is a famous traditional Chinese medicine.Its medicinal materials are dried and mature pericarps of the Rutaceae plant Citrus reticulata Blanco and its cultivated varieties.In this paper,the source of dried tangerine peel was studied by consulting ancient herbal books and combining with the relevant research in modern times,including the source plants,origin and planting history,the analysis of effective components and efficacy,and the study of genetic relationship at the molecular level."Guangchenpi"produced in Guangdong Province,is the best-dried tangerine peel,and"Xinhui Chenpi(C.reticulata cv.Chachiensis)"produced in Xinhui District of Guangdong Province,is the traditional authentic medicinal material in China,which is a national geographical indication product with excellent quality.The old use of orange peel began in the Liang Dynasty,flourished in Ming and Qing dynasties,and spread to modern times.The Ming Dynasty put forward that"the Chenpi produced in Guangzhong is the best"and emphasized the authenticity of Guangchenpi.There are many kinds of dried tangerine peel,and there are great differences in the content of total flavonoids.Besides hesperidin,polymethoxy brass compounds and volatile oils peculiar to Rutaceae plants can distinguish different sources of dried tangerine peel well,so it is suggested to add the next edition of China Pharmacopoeia as one of the quality control indicators.C.reticulata cv.Kinokuni,C.reticulata cv.Nian Ju,C.reticulata cv.Ponkan etc.have little difference with C.reticulata cv.Chachiensis in the content of flavonoids and polysaccharides,which can be used as effective planting resources for the dried tangerine peel.China's abundant wild citrus resources have strong resistance and adaptability to habitats,which is an important basis for breeding new varieties.Therefore,targeted protection,development,and utilization research should be strengthened.The textual research results of this paper can provide a basis for the further development and utilization of Guangchenpi and tangerine peel.