兼顾效率与公平:农村集体经济发展与农民农村共同富裕

Balancing Efficiency and Equity:Development of Rural Collective Economy and Common Prosperity of Farmers and Rural Areas

发展农村集体经济是促进农民农村共同富裕的重要力量和核心载体。本文基于效率与公平视角构建了农村集体经济发展促进农民农村共同富裕的理论分析框架,并利用2020—2022年中国土地经济调查(CLES)面板数据进行实证检验。研究得出:农村集体经济发展能够有效促进农户增收,多种检验均验证了研究结果的稳健性;机制分析表明,农村集体经济发展通过促进农地流转市场和农村劳动力市场发育带动农户增收,具体表现为提升农地流转数量和质量、促进农户就地就近稳定就业;考虑乡村治理环境异质性的检验发现,实施农村集体经济股份合作制改革、村干部文化程度较高、村两委“一肩挑”的村庄,农村集体经济发展对农户的增收效应更强;拓展讨论表明,农村集体经济发展对低收入农户群体的增收效应更为明显、能够有效缩小收入差距,在保障效率的同时兼顾了公平。因此,以农村集体经济发展为抓手,引导农地流转市场和农村劳动力市场发育,协同推进乡村治理环境优化,将会是实现农民农村共同富裕的重要渠道。

Developing rural collective economy is an important force and central carrier for promoting common prosperity of farmers and rural areas.Based on the perspective of efficiency and equity,this paper constructs a theoretical analytical framework for the development of rural collective economy to promote common prosperity of farmers and rural areas,and empirically tests it using the 2020-2022 China Land Economy Survey(CLES) panel data.The study concludes that the development of rural collective economy can effectively promote the income increase of farm households,and a variety of tests have verified the robustness of the results of the study;the mechanism analysis shows that the development of rural collective economy drives the income increase of farm households through the promotion of the development of the agricultural land transfer market and the development of rural labor market,which is specifically manifested in the enhancement of the quantity and quality of agricultural land transfer and the promotion of stable employment close to the place of residence.Taking into account the heterogeneity of rural governance environment,the income increasing effect of rural collective economy development on rural households is stronger in villages that have implemented the reform of the rural collective economic share-cooperation system,where village cadres are better educated and where village committees are multi-taskers.Expanded discussions show that the development of the rural collective economy has a more pronounced effect on increasing the incomes of low-income farming households,effectively narrowing the income gap and ensuring efficiency while taking equity into account.Therefore,taking the development of the rural collective economy as a starting point,guiding the development of the land transfer market and the rural labour market,and collaborating to promote the optimization of the rural governance environment will be an important channel for realizing the common prosperity of farmers and rural areas.