大变迁时代国民体育锻炼行为的“中国实践”——基于年龄、时期、队列的视角

"Chinese Practice"of National Physical Exercise Behaviors in the Era of Great Change:From the Perspective of Age,Period and Cohort

以实证研究考察社会变迁进程中国民体育锻炼行为的多重形态。从年龄、时期和队列三维视角分析发现,队列趋势主导国民体育锻炼行为变迁,城市化水平提升、高等教育普及、社会保障持续完善间接驱动国民体育锻炼行为的集体改变,这一特点在“50后”中表现最为显著。在时期层面,国民体育锻炼参与程度自2010年开始持续提升,2013年开始进入快速发展期,除整体走向与政策实施、重大事件的发生周期基本吻合外,国民收入水平提升是重要外生力量。从个体生命历程判断,随年龄增长体育锻炼参与程度逐渐降低是一个共性规律,但下降过程中呈现2个不同的速率阶段。国民体育锻炼行为变迁呈现代际的趋同和分化,“60后”“70后”“80后”是驱动城乡趋同的主要力量,性别趋同集中表现在“50后”“60后”“75前”群体中,由高等教育福利获得的机遇差异可能是导致新老代际分化趋势扩大的重要因素。

Empirical study was conducted to analyze the multiple interface of Chinese national physical exercise behaviors in social changes.The three-dimension of age,period and cohort find that the cohort trend dominates the changes in the national physical exercise behaviors.The increased level of urbanization,higher education,and social security indirectly stimulate these changes collectively,particularly for the"post-1950s".From the perspective of the period,the level of national participation in physical exercise began to increase in 2010,and gained a rapid development in 2013.In addition to the fact that the overall trend is basically consistent with policy implementation and the cycle for major events,the increase level of national income is an important external force.For the part of an individual's life course,it is common that the level of physical exercise participation gradually decreases with age,but there are two different rate stages in the decline.Furthermore,the changes in national physical exercise behaviors show an inter-generational convergence and differentiation,that is,the"post-1960s","post-1970s"and"post-1980s"are the main driving forces of urban and rural convergence,while the gender convergence mainly appears in the"post-1950s","post-1960s"and"early-1970s".Inequality in higher education access may be an important factor that aggravates the expansion of the differentiation trend of the new generation cohort.