非均衡治理理论视角下改革失败的实例与防范策略

Examples and Preventive Strategies for Failed Reform from the Perspective of Non-equilibrium Governance Theory

改革失败有其深刻内涵、诸多特征及明显危害,其根本成因是:改革过程中未能切实借助非均衡手段打破“低水平锁定”状态。具体成因有:事物的形式与实质截然不同;受“治理惯性”影响的“旧人”实施改革举措;并未真正做到因需制宜。防范改革失败的根本策略是:促使多元治理主体在改革过程中基于“执政党/领导者—政府—市场—社会”金字塔型治理结构有效运用现代治理技术、因需制宜地实施变革,基于非均衡手段有效打破“低水平锁定”状态。微观策略是在改革过程中:实现事物的形式与实质相同;切实破旧立新,有效打破“低水平锁定”;实现因需制宜。

The failures of reform bear profound connotations,varied features,and obvious hazards,which are caused by the fact that the"low-level lockout"state has not been broken with non-equilibrium means.The specific causes include:the division of form and nature;the reform measures implemented by the staff affected by governing inertia;failure to take actions as needed.The effective strategy to prevent the failure is to encourage diverse governing entities to effectively utilize modern governing technologies and implement reforms as needed,following the"ruling party/leader-government-market-society"pyramid governance structure,and to effectively break the"low-level lockout"state with non-equilibrium means.In term of micro strategy,we need to keep the form conforming to nature,eradicate the old and foster the new,effectively breaking the"low-level lockout"and implement tailored measures.