上海市崇明区不同类型河道浮游植物群落结构特征的对比研究

A comparative study on the characteristics of different types of river phytoplankton community structure in Chongming District,Shanghai

于2020年对崇明区5种类型河道进行季度调查,探究不同类型河道浮游植物群落结构特征的异同,利用冗余分析(RDA)研究环境因子对浮游植物群落结构的影响,并对不同类型河道进行水质评价,以期为崇明区河道治理提供一定的理论依据。结果表明:2020年崇明区河道共鉴定出浮游植物243种,镇级以上河道种类最多,为175种,水动力断面河道种类最少,为96种。5种类型河道的浮游植物优势种虽有不同,但均以蓝藻门(Cyanophyta)占优势。三查三访河道生物密度最大,为2.49×10^(7)个/L,水动力断面河道生物密度最小,为4.78×10^(6)个/L;1864黑臭河道生物量最大,为6.21 mg/L,水动力断面河道生物量最小,为2.07 mg/L。RDA结果显示:水动力断面河道、三查三访河道浮游植物主要受总磷(TP)的影响,村级河道主要受TP、溶解氧(DO)和水温(WT)的影响,镇级以上河道主要受DO、WT和pH的影响,而1864黑臭河道的影响因素较为复杂。综合水体营养状况得出5种类型河道中水动力断面河道和镇级以上河道水质最佳,其次是1864黑臭河道与村级河道,三查三访河道最差。

In 2020,a quarterly survey of 5 types of rivers in Chongming District was carried out to explore similarities and differences of phytoplankton community structure characteristics of different types of rivers,study influence of environmental factors on phytoplankton community structure using redundancy analysis(RDA),and evaluate water quality of different types of rivers,in order to provide a certain theoretical basis for river management in Chongming District.The results showed that a total of 243 species of phytoplankton were identified in rivers in Chongming District in 2020,with the largest number of species from the above town level rivers(175 species)and the lowest number from hydrodynamic section rivers(96 species).Although phytoplankton dominant species of the 5 types of rivers were different,they were all dominated by Cyanophyta.Biological density of three-inspection and three-visit rivers was the largest,which was 2.49×10^(7) cells/L,and biological density of hydrodynamic section rivers was the smallest,which was 4.78×10^(6) cells/L.1864 black and odorous rivers’biomass was the largest,which was 6.21 mg/L,and hydrodynamic section rivers’biomass was the smallest,which was 2.07 mg/L.RDA results showed that phytoplankton in hydrodynamic section rivers and three-inspection and three-visit rivers were mainly affected by TP;phytoplankton in village level rivers was mainly affected by TP,DO and water temperature;phytoplankton in the above town level rivers was mainly affected by DO,water temperature and pH;factors affecting phytoplankton in 1864 black and odorous rivers were more complex.Comprehensive water nutrition status evaluation showed that among 5 types of rivers,hydrodynamic section rivers and the above town level rivers had the best water quality,followed by 1864 black and odorous rivers and village level rivers,and water quality of three-inspection and three-visit rivers was the worst.