孝道传承与危机分担:南岭走廊瑶族丧葬仪式中的民俗教育

Inheritance of Filial Piety and Crisis-sharing:Folkloric Education of the Yao’s Funeral Rituals in the Nanling Corridor

丧葬仪式体现了民众最传统的社会法则与文化逻辑,具有重要的民俗教育功能。南岭走廊瑶族丧葬仪式通过文本演述、“送灵安魂”、上祭守孝、集体互助、空间净化等环节,创造出一个民俗教育的濡化空间,对个体进行浸润与教育。一方面重视传承孝道观念,进行悲伤纾解与情感疗愈;另一方面重建社会秩序,包括强化三界空间认知与象征秩序,以及经由集体分担死亡危机恢复社区公共秩序。对丧葬中多维民俗教育方式的研究,有利于深入探究中华文化“大传统”与“小传统”如何在民众生活中融合共生,为铸牢中华民族共同体意识研究提供新的思路。同时,民众乐观豁达面对死亡的生命智慧对于当今社会的生命教育具有深刻的反思和借鉴意义。

Funeral rituals embody the most traditional social order and cultural concepts of the people,and have an important folkloric educational function.The funeral rituals of the Yao people in the Nanling Corridor provide a space for folkloric education through such means as narrating the ritual text,providing collective mutual assistance,sending the spirit and the soul,offering sacrifices,observing mourning and maintaining spatial purification to influence and educate individuals.It particularly attaches importance to the inheritance of the concept of filial piety through alleviating griefs and sadness on the one hand,and to the reconstruction of the social order on the other hand,including the enhancement of the understanding of the Three Realms and the symbolic order as well as the collective sharing of the crisis of death and the reconstruction of the public order of the community.The study of the multidimensional means of folkloric education in the process of funerals is conducive to an in-depth investigation of how the“big tradition”and the“little traditions”of Chinese culture integrate and coexist in the people’s lives,providing new ideas for the research on enhancing a strong consciousness of the community of the Chinese nation;at the same time,the life wisdom of the people’s facing death with optimism and openness has profound though-provoking implications for life education in the contemporary society.