基于风电分时电价的虚拟电厂参与清洁供暖运营优化方法

Operation Optimization Method for Virtual Power Plant Participating in Clean Heating Based on Time-of-Use Tariff of Wind Power

随着“碳达峰、碳中和”目标的提出,迅速发展的风电由于其随机性与波动性,面临突出的风电消纳问题。蓄热式电采暖作为中国北方地区主要供暖设备,虚拟电厂作为需求侧资源的主要聚合技术手段,聚合蓄热式电采暖的虚拟电厂可为消纳风电、提高风电利用率提供解决途径。对此,提出一种基于风电功率的分时电价划分方法,实现虚拟电厂聚合蓄热式电采暖参与基于分时电价的清洁供暖交易优化运营。首先,阐述虚拟电厂聚合蓄热式电采暖用户参与风电供暖的交易模式;其次,考虑热惯性对蓄热式电采暖和房屋进行精细化建模,提出基于层次凝聚聚类算法的分时电价方法,建立基于Weber-Fechner定律的负荷模糊响应模型,并构建多方主体综合收益最大、弃风量最小和负荷波动最小的虚拟电厂多目标运营优化模型;最后,通过算例分析风电消纳效果和虚拟电厂收益,验证该方法能够有效促进风电消纳、提高多方主体积极性,并具有一定的规模经济性,以期为缓解弃风问题提供参考。

With the proposal of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality targets,the rapid development of wind power is facing the prominent accommodation problem due to wind power’s randomness and volatility.Regenerative electric heating is a primary heating mode adopted in Northern China,and the virtual power plant(VPP)is the primary demand-side resource aggregation technology.The VPP,which aggregates regenerative electric heating,can provide a solution for wind power accommodation and increasing the wind power usage rate.In this regard,this paper proposes a wind power based time-of-use tariff division method to realize the optimal operation of VPP aggregating regenerative electric heating to participate in time-of-use tariff-based clean heating trading.Firstly,the transaction mode of VPP aggregating regenerative electric heating users to participate in wind power heating is described.Secondly,with consideration of the thermal inertia,the regenerative electric heating and buildings are modeled in detail,and a time-of-use tariff method based on hierarchical agglomerative clustering algorithm is proposed.A load fuzzy response model is established based on Weber-Fechner law,and a VPP operation optimization model is constructed with multi-objective of maximum comprehensive benefits of multiple entities,minimum wind curtailment and smallest load volatility.The wind power accommodation effects and VPP benefits are analyzed through case study.It is verified that the proposed method can effectively promote the wind power accommodation and raise the enthusiasm of multiple entities.