巴旦木分级破壳机设计与试验

Design and test of almond grading shell breaking machine

为解决巴旦木破壳机械生产效率低、破壳率低和核仁损伤量大等问题,通过研究坚果破壳原理,选用适宜机械加工的大巴旦木(‘莎车3号’)为研究对象,设计了巴旦木分级破壳机,同时进行巴旦木尺寸、破壳力加载方向及加载速度、巴旦木含水率的物料特性分析。结果表明:破壳机破壳辊间隙和含水率对巴旦木破壳力和变形量影响显著。使用试验法优化了巴旦木分级破壳机构工作参数,当两轧辊间距离调整为Ⅰ级14 mm、Ⅱ级13 mm和Ⅲ级12 mm,含水率控制在9.8%~10.5%范围内,转速为1 000 r·min^(-1)时,测得平均破壳率为95.57%,平均破损率为3.37%,满足实际生产需求。

To solve the almond shelling machinery possess issues of low productivity,low shelling rate,and kernel damage,this study based on nuts shelling principle and used large almond wood(referred to as‘Shache No.3’)as the object to design the almond grading shelling machine.Almond size,shelling force loading direction and speed,and almond moisture content of the material characteristics were analyzed.The results showed that the shelling machine between the two rollers distance and moisture content on the shelling force and deformation of almond had a significant impact.Using the experimental method to optimize the working parameters of the grading and shell breaking mechanism,when the distance between the two rolls was adjusted to 14 mm for level I,13 mm for level II and 12 mm for level III,the water content was controlled in the range of 9.8%~10.5%and the rotational speed was 1000 r·min^(-1),the average shell breaking rate was measured as 95.57%,and the average breakage rate was 3.37%,which met the actual production requirements.