特朗普面临的刑事诉讼:美国司法政治视域下的分析

American Politics,Diplomacy,and Sino-U.S.Relations Criminal Proceedings against Trump in the Perspective of U.S.Judicial Politics

2023年3月以来,美国前总统特朗普接连受到4起州与联邦刑事指控。特朗普面临的刑事诉讼冲击了美国政治和社会,还会对2024年美国总统大选造成重大影响。针对特朗普的4起刑事指控策划周密、各有侧重,在刑责与声望等方面对特朗普构成威胁,并给他造成沉重应诉负担。特朗普拟阻却案件进入实质审理阶段,并推迟诉讼程序进展,尽可能降低案件对其参加2024年大选的牵累。美国法院在处理特朗普所受刑事诉讼时缺乏明确可供遵循的司法判例。美国政治极化与政党竞斗加剧,将进一步放大各起诉讼的复杂性和特殊性。案件发展走向存在不确定性,将对美国司法政治带来挑战,不仅会使法院难以回答案件中的重大敏感争议,还可能酿成宪法危机。

Since March 2023,former U.S.President Donald Trump has been subject to four criminal charges at the federal and state levels.The four criminal prosecutions faced by Trump are impacting American politics and society,and will have a major impact on the 2024 U.S.presidential election.The four criminal charges against Trump were carefully planned and focused on different issues,posing a threat to Trump in terms of criminal liability and reputation and placing a heavy burden on him to respond.Trump hopes to prevent the cases from entering the substantive trial stage and delay the progress of the proceedings to minimize the impact of the cases on his participation in the 2024 presidential election.U.S.courts lack clear precedents to follow in dealing with criminal proceedings against Trump as a former president.The political polarization and intensified competition between the two parties will further amplify the complexity and particularity of each lawsuit.There is uncertainty about the future case trials,which will bring significant challenges to American judicial politics.It will not only make it difficult for courts to answer major sensitive disputes in those cases but may also lead to a constitutional crisis.