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辽宁农村居民室内PM_(2.5)暴露与健康风险评估

Residents'Exposure To Indoor PM_(2.5) and Its Health Risk Assessment in Rural Dwellings of Liaoning Province
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摘要 为了明确辽宁农宅室内不同人群的行为活动规律,进而评估居民在室内空气污染环境下的暴露水平、健康风险与经济损失。本文通过实地测试与追踪记录的方法,对辽宁农村地区210户农宅居民的家庭人口结构进行了统计,其中对10户农宅的20名居民全天行为活动进行了详细的测试和跟踪记录,并使用综合暴露量、平均综合暴露量、综合潜在剂量和平均综合潜在剂量4个指标对其暴露水平进行综合评价,计算结果表明供暖期居民平均综合暴露量均高于100μg/m^(3),平均综合潜在剂量均高于50μg/h。最高综合暴露量和综合潜在剂量分别为6419.1μg·h/m^(3)和2270.9μg,最低综合暴露量和综合潜在剂量分别为1947.6μg·h/m^(3)和741.6μg;同时采用改进的相对危险度模型和疾病成本法对2020年辽宁省及辽宁部分地区农村居民的健康风险与经济损失进行了评估,计算结果表明早逝的公共健康风险为0.66%、内科的公共风险影响最大,约占43.7%。患病额外健康支出中,慢性支气管炎的经济损失最大,分别为5.80亿元和4.09亿元。可见,PM_(2.5)暴露会对农村居民的健康风险和经济损失造成严重威胁。本文旨在为辽宁省公共健康风险评估提供数据支撑。 This study compiled the family structure statistics of 210 rural dwellings in Liaoning's rural rural areas in a bid to clarify the behavior and activity patterns of various residents living in rural dwellings,which can be used to evaluate exposure level,health risks and financial losses of those subject to the indoor air pollution.From 10 out of the 210 rural dwellings,behaviors and activities of 20 selected residents throughout the day were tested and tracked in detail,after which their exposure levels were comprehensively evaluated using four indicators:comprehensiveeexposure,average comprehensivee exposure,comprehensive potential dose and average comprehensive potential dose.The calculations showed that the residents were subject to an average comprehensive exposure and an average comprehensive potential dose that exceeded 100μg/m^(3)and 50μg/h respectively during winter heating seasons.Over the same period,the recorded(min,max)comprehensive exposures as well as comprehensive potential doses were(1,947.6,6,419.1)μg·h/m^(3)and(741.6,2,270.9)μg.Moreover,an improved relative risk model and a disease costing method were used to assess the health risks and financial losses of rural residents across both the entire province of Liaoning and certain regions therein in 2020.The calculations show that the public health risk of premature death was 0.66%,while the impacts of public risk categorizable under internal medicine were the greatest,accounting for 43.7%.Among the additional healthcare expenditures,those for chronic bronchitis incurred the largest financial loss at CNY 5.80 million and CNY 4.09 million respectively.It can be seen that PM_(2.5) exposure will pose a serious threat to the health risks and economic losses of rural residents.This paper aims to provide data support for public health risk assessment in Liaoning Province.
作者 张雪研 黄冠华 杨一鸣 ZHANG Xueyan;HUANG Guanhua;YANG Yiming(Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116024,Liaoning,China)
机构地区 大连理工大学
出处 《建筑科学》 CSCD 北大核心 2023年第12期86-94,共9页 Building Science
基金 国家自然科学基金项目“严寒地区农宅室内双扩散对流特征下的健康环境需求及营造”(52078098) 辽宁省自然科学基金资助项目“辽南农村清洁供暖建筑模式与热匹配特性研究”(2019-ZD-0022)。
关键词 行为活动 PM_(2.5)暴露 健康风险 经济损失 健康终端 behaviors and activities PM_(2.5)exposure health risks financial losses health terminals
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