公共健康视角下恢复性环境实证研究方法的发展与思考

Development and Reflections of Empirical Research Methods for Restorative Environments From the Perspective of Public Health

环境与人的身心健康密切相关,景观及环境设计也应依据科学的实证研究结论进行实践。目前,有关环境对人类生理、心理应激的恢复性作用已在国内外实证研究中取得初步结论。因此,本文基于Citespace可视化分析工具,对中国知网及Web of Science数据库中共608篇文献进行归纳,制作相关研究手段的时区分析图,梳理恢复性环境实证研究中的常用研究方法。主要包括:生理测量方面,归纳基于机体动态水平及行为监测的研究手段、实验设备,以及不同生理指标的相关解读和数据采集特点;心理测量方面,总结基于不同维度需求的心理学量表和代表性研究,以及网文调查和行为绩效监测的特点。探讨实证研究中各类生理设备的特点、指标选择时应注意的个体差异、心理评价中不同研究手段的样本量和维度检验问题,以及未来与生物气象学中有关机体能量调节的方程模型相结合的研究趋势。并针对材料呈现、自变量分类及数据分析等关键性流程设计内容进行讨论。最后,从个体的呼吸、脑血流量等新角度思考在未来实证研究中拓展感知机制的可能性,使环境的恢复性研究与环境气候学、人体生理学等领域研究相结合,为促进多样化研究方法的高效运用及恢复性环境的接续研究提供借鉴。

The environment is closely related to people's physical and mental health,and its design should also be based on scientific empirical research conclusions.At present,the impact of the restorative environment on human physiological and psychological stress has received preliminary conclusions in empirical research at home and abroad.Therefore,based on Citespace,this paper summarized 608 papers from CNKI and the Web of Science database to produce a time zone analysis map of the relevant research methods,and analyze the common research methods used in empirical studies of restorative environments.The commonly used methods include,in physiological measurements,research instruments,and experimental equipment based on dynamic levels of the organism and behavioral monitoring,as well as relevant interpretation and data collection characteristics of different physiological indicators;in psychological measurements,psychological scales,and representative relevant studies based on different dimensional needs,as well as web-based surveys and behavioral performance monitoring.Then,it explored the characteristics of various types of physiological devices in empirical studies and the individual differences that should be noted in the selection of indicators,as well as the issue of sample size for different research instruments in psychological evaluation,and dimensionality testing before analysis of subjective evaluation data.Further discussion was made on the key process design topics such as material presentation,independent variable classification,and data analysis.Finally,new perspectives on respiration and cerebral blood flow in the sensory organs in vivo were considered for the possibility of expanding the perceptual mechanisms in future empirical studies.This enables the combination of restorative environmental research with research in fields such as environmental climatology and human physiology.It is expected to provide a scientific basis for promoting the efficient use of diverse research methods and succession studies in restorative environments.