公共场所室内PM_(2.5)浓度与吸烟行为识别模型

Recognition models of cigarette smoking behavior by real-time indoor PM_(2.5)concentrations in public places

公共场所是吸烟行为高发场所之一,但目前尚缺乏实时、准确、智能监测识别吸烟行为的技术手段。因此,亟须探索建立公共场所室内吸烟行为发生的环境监测识别模型,为改善公共场所室内空气质量,提升公共场所室内控烟管理提供技术支持。[目的]探索基于室内空气实时在线监测PM_(2.5)浓度的吸烟行为识别模型。以上海市浦东新区为例,于2022年10—11月间,采用方便抽样的方法选择6家服务类场所和4家办公及其他场所,每家场所选取1个监测点,对室内PM_(2.5)和尼古丁浓度进行连续7 d监测。同时,选择距离每家公共场所监测点地理位置最近的3个上海市环境监测站点的同期PM_(2.5)浓度均值作为该监测场所室外PM_(2.5)浓度数据。室内外PM_(2.5)浓度均值的比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验,室内PM_(2.5)和尼古丁浓度的相关性分析采用Spearman秩相关检验。此外,针对网吧场所开展为期7 d的室内人群吸烟行为视频和图像采集,并与同期实时监测的PM_(2.5)进行联动效应分析,应用随机森林模型构建室内PM_(2.5)浓度吸烟行为识别模型。[结果]本次监测的服务类场所室内PM_(2.5)质量浓度(后称浓度)为(97.5±149.3)μg·m^(-3),高于办公及其他场所浓度(19.8±12.2)μg·m^(-3)(P=0.011),服务类场所室内外PM_(2.5)浓度比值(I/O值)在1.1~19.0之间。10家公共场所室内PM_(2.5)浓度与同一场所中空气尼古丁浓度高度相关(rs=0.969,P<0.001),其中室内PM_(2.5)与尼古丁浓度最高的前三位均为:网吧、棋牌室、KTV。随机森林模型结果显示,同期实时PM_(2.5)对吸烟行为识别模型的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.66,而滞后于吸烟行为4 min的PM_(2.5)浓度对吸烟行为识别模型的AUC达0.72。[结论]公共场所室内PM_(2.5)浓度与吸烟行为高度关联,基于室内实时监测空气PM_(2.5)浓度初步构建了吸烟行为的识别模型,具有较高的准确率,提示其对于公共场所控烟管理有一定的参考价值。

[Background]Public places are frequently polluted by cigarette smoking,and there is a lack of accurate,real-time,and intelligent monitoring technology to identify smoking behavior.It is necessary to develop a tool to identify cigarette smoking behavior in public places for more efficient control of cigarette smoking and better indoor air quality.[Objective]To construct a model for recognizing cigarette smoking behavior based on real-time indoor concentrations of PM_(2.5)in public places.[Methods]Real-time indoor PM_(2.5)concentrations were measured for at least 7 continuous days in 10 arbitrarily selected places(6 public service providers and and 4 office or other places)from Oct.to Nov.2022 in Pudong New Area,Shanghai.Indoor nicotine concentrations were monitored with passive samplers simultaneously.Outdoor PM_(2.5)concentration data were obtained from three municipal environmental monitoring stations which were nearest to each monitoring point during the same period.Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare indoor and outdoor means of PM_(2.5)concentrations,and Spearman rank correlation was used to analyze indoor PM_(2.5)and nicotine concentrations.An interactive plot and a random forest model was applied to examine the association between video observation validated indoor smoking behavior and real-time indoor PM_(2.5)concentrations in an Internet cafe.[Results]The average indoor PM_(2.5)concentration in the places providing public services[(97.5±149.3)μg·m^(-3)]was significantly higher than that in office and other places[(19.8±12.2)μg·m^(-3)](P=0.011).The indoor/outdoor ratio(I/O ratio)of PM_(2.5)concentration in the public service providers ranged from 1.1 to 19.0.Furthermore,the indoor PM_(2.5)concentrations in the 10 public places were significantly correlated with the nicotine concentrations(rs=0.969,P<0.001).Among them,the top 3 highly polluted places were Internet cafes,chess and card rooms,and KTV.The results of random forest modeling showed that,for synchronous real-time PM_(2.5)concentration,the area under the curve(AUC)was 0.66,while for PM_(2.5)concentration at a lag of 4 min after the incidence of smoking behavior,the AUC increased to 0.72.[Conclusion]The indoor PM_(2.5)concentrations in public places are highly correlated with smoking behavior.Based on real-time indoor PM_(2.5)monitoring,a preliminary recognition model for smoking behavior is constructed with acceptable accuracy,indicating its potential values applied in smoking control and management in public places.