基于生物力学的老年人坐立辅助座椅设计与研究

Design and study of sit-to-stand assisted seat for old people based on bio-mechanics

由于下肢肌肉力量衰退导致坐立转换不便影响老年人日常生活的现象,已成为人口老龄化的突出问题,有效地辅助老年人坐立转换显得尤为重要。文中通过分析座椅辅助坐立姿势转换过程,建立了椅面辅助坐立转换的人体生物力学模型,获得了椅面倾角、椅面支持力、人体重力和单侧下肢肌肉群合力之间的关系,从生物力学的角度证明了椅面支持力可有效辅助老年人进行坐立转换;基于辅助坐立转换生物力学模型和老年人坐立转换规律设计了最优化椅面连杆机构;通过椅面受力分析得到了3种坐立辅助座椅优选设计方案,采用F1/T关系评价获得了最优化辅助坐立转换座椅设计方案,可有效减小老年人坐立转换过程中下肢肌肉群合力的13%~42%,对助老机械的设计开发具有一定的参考价值。

Currently,population aging is a prominent problem.Old people suffer sit-and-stand inconvenience in daily life due to decline of their lower-limb muscle strength.Therefore,it is significant to effectively assist old people in sit-to-stand transformation.In this article,efforts are made to explore the seat which is used for sit-to-stand transformation;then,the bio-mechanical model of the seat is set up,and the relationship between the seat angel,the seat support,the human gravity and the force exerted on the unilateral lower-limb muscle groups is identified.From the bio-mechanical perspective,it is proved that the seat support greatly helps old people in sit-to-stand transformation.The optimized seat linkage is designed based on the bio-mechanical model and the regular pattern of old people's sit-to-stand transformation.3 preferred design schemes are obtained by means of the analysis on the seat force;the F1/T relationship is used to evaluate the design schemes.Next,the optimal design scheme of the sit-to-stand assisted seat is worked out.This seat effectively reduces the force exerted on the old people's unilateral lower-limb muscle groups by 13%to 42%in the process of sit-to-stand transformation.This study provides reference for design and development of elderly-assisted machinery.