多山地区“就近城镇互助养老”:理论基础、运行条件与制度路径

“Mutual Aid Elderly-care in Nearby Towns”in Mountainous Areas:Theoretical Basis,Operating Conditions,and Institutional Path

互助养老是应对农村养老困境探索出的一种创新性实践方案,忽视整体性和地方性是目前农村互助养老可持续发展问题的主要根源。作为一种间接互惠型交换行为,农村互助养老可持续良性运行需要地理空间、共有经济、中介价值、信任资本、组织基础和制度规范六个结构性要素的协调运作。基于历史性和实践性知识,文章以多山地区为例,发现由于独特的地理环境和经济社会条件,多山地区农村互助养老实践运行遭遇多重挑战,以此尝试提出“就近城镇互助养老”新模式,认为在地理空间、信任资本、人力资源、养老环境、制度基础及技术支撑等方面都具有现实可行性。最后以发展定位、平台架构、资源输入、助人模式、共同体营造等为基础提出一套有效且可行的调适性政策方案。

Mutual aid elderly care is an innovative practical solution to cope with the plight of the aged in rural areas.Ignoring the integrity and the locality is the main cause of the current sustainable problem of mutual aid elderly care in rural areas.As an indirect reciprocal exchange behavior,the sustainable and healthy operation of rural mutual aid elderly care needs the coordinated operation of six structural elements:geographical space,shared economy,intermediary value,trust capital,organizational foundation and institutional norms.Based on the general knowledge of history and practice,taking mountainous areas as an example,this paper found that due to the unique geographical environment and economic-social conditions,the practical operation of rural mutual aid elderly care in mountainous areas encountered multiple challenges,and thus proposed a new model of“mutual aid elderly care in the nearby towns”.It’s believed that it was feasible in geographical space,trust capital,human resources,nursing environment,institutional basis and technical support.Finally,this paper puts forward an effective and feasible adaptive policy framework in terms of development orientation,platform architecture,resource input,helping model,community building,etc.