日本利用国际资源保障粮食安全的经验做法及政策启示

Japan's Utilization of International Resources to Ensure Food Security:Experience and Policy Implications

利用好国际资源是保障粮食安全的重要方面。日本受到耕地面积、劳动人口等多方面限制,较早就开始了利用国际资源保障粮食安全的全球布局与海外农业发展。本研究通过历史脉络分析和文献梳理,系统研究日本利用国际资源保障粮食安全的历史演变过程,提炼其经验特征,并提出中国可借鉴的路径。研究发现:第一,日本利用国际资源保障粮食安全策略大致经历了提出阶段(20世纪70年代开始探索海外农业投资)、改进阶段(20世纪80年代至20世纪末逐步建立多元化海外农业投资模式)、优化阶段(21世纪以来“转守为攻”,增强农业国际竞争力)等3个阶段;第二,目前日本利用国际资源保障粮食安全已取得不错成效,日本粮食安全保障能力显著提升,其成功的原因主要是政府非常重视顶层设计、分工协作、科技支撑与跨国企业培育,为利用外部资源保障粮食安全营造良好的国内外经济政治环境。基于此,未来中国借鉴日本经验可从顶层设计、部际协作、科学引导、跨国粮商培育方面入手,不断完善利用国际资源保障粮食安全的支撑服务管理体系、拓宽有效路径及有力抓手。

Effectively utilizing international resources is a crucial aspect of ensuring food security.Faced with constraints such as land availability and labor force,Japan initiated a global strategy for utilizing international resources and overseas agricultural development to ensure food security at an early stage.Through historical context analysis and literature review,this study systematically examined the historical evolution of Japan's utilization of international resources to ensure food security,extracted its characteristics,and proposed potential paths for China to draw from.The research revealed that,firstly,Japan's strategy for utilizing international resources to ensure food security has gone through three main stages:the proposal stage(exploring overseas agricultural investments since the 1970s),the improvement stage(gradually establishing diversified overseas agricultural investment models from the 1980s to the end of the 20th century),and the optimization stage(since the 21st century,shifting from defense to offense and enhancing international agricultural competitiveness);secondly,Japan has achieved significant success in ensuring food security through international resource utilization,with a notable improvement in its food security capabilities,the main reasons for this success include Japanese government's emphasis on top-level design,collaborative efforts,technological support,and nurturing of multinational enterprises,creating a favorable economic and political environment both domestically and internationally for safeguarding food security through external resources.Based on this,learning from Japan's experience,China can focus on top-level design,inter-agency collaboration,scientific guidance,and the cultivation of multinational grain enterprises,continuously improving the support service management system for utilizing international resources to ensure food security,expanding effective pathways,and implementing robust strategies.