人口出生率下降对学前教育格局的影响

Impact of the Declining Birth Rate on the Pattern of Preschool Education

随着我国人口出生率不断下降,3~5岁学龄前儿童数量开始逐年减少,学前教育规模整体进入负增长阶段。城市学前教育处在不断增长阶段,农村学前教育已全面进入负增长阶段;公办园需求增长,民办园需求萎缩。学龄前儿童减少缓解学前教育资源配置不足的压力,师资需求呈下降趋势,城乡差距导致普惠性学前教育资源结构短缺,引发学前教育发展模式转变,对学前教育质量保障提出新要求。未来学前教育发展要合理布局配置幼儿园、合理配置师资、缩小城乡差距、改进监督与质量评估标准、拓宽服务对象。

With the declining birth rate in China,the number of preschool children aged three to five years old has decreased year by year,and the scale of preschool education as a whole enters a negative growth stage.Urban preschool education is in the stage of continuous growth,while rural preschool education has completely entered the stage of negative growth.The demand for public kindergarten has increased,yet the demand for non-government kindergartens has shrunk.The decline of preschool children reduces the pressure of insufficient allocation of preschool educational resources,showing a downward trend of demands for teachers.The gap between urban and rural areas has led to the structural shortage of inclusive preschool educational resources,which triggers the transformation of preschool education development model and puts forward new requirements for preschool education quality assurance.In the future,the development of preschool education should rationally allocate kindergartens and teachers,narrow the gap between urban and rural areas,improve supervision and quality evaluation standards,and broaden the service targets.