《档案法》中“软性条款”的运行机制考察

Investigation on the Operation Mechanism of Soft Clauses in the Archives Law of the People's Republic of China

《档案法》中存有一定数量的“软性条款”。研究表明,此类“软性条款”并非不能执行,而是存在独特的运行机制,主要表现为软硬协同实施机制、效力传导型实施机制、政策辅助型实施机制和资源引导型实施机制。面向未来,此类“软性条款”并不需要全部转化为“硬性条款”,而是要通过“价值在场”“技术在场”和“路径在场”三重变革,延续“软性条款”不“软”的效力格局。“价值在场”,即以“档案治理现代化”为目标,建构“软性条款”同“硬性条款”的互动机制;“技术在场”,即以修订《档案法实施条例》为契机,发挥“硬法”的外部协同效应;“路径在场”,即以开发“引导性资源”为路径,激活“软法”的自我实施潜能。

There are a certain number of soft clauses in the Archives Law.Research has shown that such soft clauses are not unenforceable,but there are unique operating mechanisms,mainly manifested in soft and hard coordination implementation mechanisms,effectiveness transmission type implementation mechanisms,policy assistance type implementation mechanisms,and resource guidance type implementation mechanisms.Facing the future,such soft clauses do not need to be completely transformed into hard clauses.Instead,they need to continue the effectiveness pattern of soft clauses without soft clauses through the triple transformation of value presence,technology presence,and path presence.Value presence refers to the construction of an interactive mechanism between soft clauses and hard clauses with the goal of modernization of archival governance;Technical presence means taking the opportunity of revising the Implementation Measures for the Archives Law to bring the external synergy of hard law into play;Path presence refers to the development of guiding resources as a path to activate the self implementation potential of soft law.