UASB中厌氧污泥脱铵及与硫酸盐还原的关系

Relationship between Deammoniumization of Anaerobic Sludge and Sulfate Reduction in UASB

在上流式厌氧污泥床反应器(UASB)建立硫酸盐还原厌氧氨氧化反应过程中,研究了厌氧颗粒污泥对无机废水中铵及硫酸盐的脱除效能,探究了硫酸盐还原与厌氧脱铵的转化途径和机理。结果表明,反应器启动初期NH_(4)^(+)-N与SO_(4)^(2-)-S即有脱除,平均去除率分别为22.10%和14.83%;中期(运行76 d后)NH_(4)^(+)-N脱除量增加,SO_(4)^(2-)-S脱除量逐渐减少;后期NH_(4)^(+)-N脱除量最高达到30.79 mg/L,SO_(4)^(2-)-S基本无脱除。除硝化反应外,H2O2以及Anammox反应均可提高NH_(4)^(+)-N的脱除量,且增加HCO3-浓度有利于NH_(4)^(+)-N的转化。反应器内出现了单质硫,结合物料衡算推断反应器内发生了硫酸盐还原、硫自养反硝化及硫好氧氧化的联合反应,在反应器内构成了生物硫循环,导致出水SO_(4)^(2-)-S量未发生变化。氮、硫循环耦合使得NH_(4)^(+)-N与SO_(4)^(2-)-S被脱除,出现硫酸盐还原厌氧氨氧化现象。菌群结构分析结果表明,反应器底部Acinetobacter的相对丰度达到78.87%,发挥主要的脱氮作用,与Anammox以及反硝化菌构成氮循环;同时,反应器中存在少量的硫酸盐还原菌(Desulfomonile和Desulfovibrio等)、硫氧化菌(Rhodopseudomonas等)以及硫自养反硝化菌(Thiobacillus等),共同构成了体系内的硫循环。

This paper investigated the performance of anaerobic granular sludge for the removal of ammonium and sulfate from inorganic wastewater,and explored the conversion pathway and mechanisms of sulfate reduction and anaerobic deammoniumization in the process of establishing sulfate reduction and anaerobic ammonia oxidation in an upflow anaerobic sludge bed reactor(UASB).NH_(4)^(+)-N and SO_(4)^(2-)-S were removed in the initial stage of reactor startup,and the average removal rates reached 22.10%and 14.83%,respectively.In the middle stage(after 76 days),the removed NH_(4)^(+)-N increased and the removed SO_(4)^(2-)-S gradually decreased.In the later stage,the removed NH_(4)^(+)-N reached the maximum of 30.79 mg/L,and almost no SO_(4)^(2-)-S was removed.In addition to nitrification,both H2O2 and Anammox reaction improved the NH_(4)^(+)-N removal,and the increase of HCO3-concentration was beneficial to NH_(4)^(+)-N conversion.The combined reaction of sulfate reduction,sulfur autotrophic denitrification and aerobic oxidation of sulfur was inferred to take place in the reactor according to the presence of sulfur and mass balance,which constituted a biological sulfur cycle in the reactor,resulting in no change of SO_(4)^(2-)-S in the effluent.The coupling of the nitrogen-sulfur cycle removed NH_(4)^(+)-N and SO_(4)^(2-)-S and resulted in the occurrence of sulfate‑reducing anaerobic ammonia oxidation phenomenon.The analysis of the bacterial community showed that the abundance of Acinetobacter at the bottom of the reactor reached 78.87%,which played a major role in nitrogen removal,and formed a nitrogen cycle with Anammox and denitrifying bacteria.Meanwhile,a few SRB such as Desulfomonile and Desulfovibrio,sulfur oxidizing bacteria such as Rhodopseudomonas and sulfur autotrophic denitrifying bacteria such as Thiobacillus were detected in the reactor,which together constituted the sulfur cycle in the system.