工程专业动态调整的演进趋势及驱动机制

On the Trend and Driving Mechanism of Dynamic Adjustment of College Engineering Majors

在新一轮科技革命与产业变革的交叠背景下,建立富有弹性的工程专业动态调整机制,已成为工程人才供给侧改革的内在要求。本研究采集构建了2010—2021年间全国高校工程专业调整数据库,实证考察工程专业动态调整的演进趋势及其驱动机制。研究发现,“新工科”建设启动以来,高校增设工程专业的动力日益增强,且逐步转向以质量特色为核心的发展方向;但仍存在趋同性较高、周期性明显、专业有序退出机制尚未有效建立等问题。就驱动机制而言,高校工程专业调整受区域产业升级的外生驱动和优势学科衍生的内生驱动共同影响,且两者之间存在显著的协同效应。

Under the dual background of technological and industrial changes,the establishment of dynamic adjustment mechanism of engineering majors has become an inherent requirement of the supplyside reform of engineering talents.In this study,we constructed a database on the adjustment of engineering majors in universities from 2010to 2021,and empirically examined the evolutionary trend of the adjustment of engineering majors and its driving mechanism.The study finds that since the launch of the construction of“new engineering disciplines”,universities have been increasingly motivated to establish new engineering majors,and have gradually shifted to the quality-centered development direction.However,the adjustment of engineering majors still has problems such as high convergence,obvious periodicity,and the exit mechanism of majors has not been effectively established.As far as the driving mechanism is concerned,the adjustment of engineering majors is jointly influenced by the exogenous drive of regional industrial upgrading and the endogenous drive of superior engineering disciplines.