城乡深度融合背景下农村社会阶层的“梯形”结构研究——以成都平原J村为例

Research on the"Trapezoidal"Structure of Rural Social Strata under the Background of Deep Integration of Urban and Rural Areas—A Case Study of J Village in Chengdu Plain

城乡融合背景下农村的社会阶层结构是值得关注的问题。J村是成都平原城乡深度融合的代表,文章基于职业维度将J村村民划分为十大阶层,发现J村阶层结构呈现出以往农村中没有的“梯形”形态,这是城乡深度融合下从“金字塔形”向“橄榄形”过渡的中间形态。数据分析表明,J村村民收入差距较为悬殊,不同阶层内部存在不同的收入差距;阶层代内流动强,代际传递作用弱,与全国农村阶层相比较,J村阶层结构更合理。研究发现,土地流转促使J村阶层结构开始变迁,在改革政策的支持下,充分利用市场环境,发挥村落动能,在作为外部因素的政策牵引和市场环境的拉动作用,与作为内部因素的村集体动能和村民个体动能的推动作用下,内外因素相互作用,促成J村社会阶层结构良性变迁。文章首次提出农村社会阶层的“梯形”结构,可能丰富我国社会阶层结构的过渡形态。

The social class structure of rural areas under the background of urban-rural integration is an issue worth paying attention to.J village is a representative of the deep integration of urban and rural areas in the Chengdu plain.This article divides the villagers of J village into ten classes based on the occupational dimension and finds that the class structure of J village presents a"trapezoidal"shape that was not seen in rural areas before.This is an intermediate form transitioning from a"pyramidal"to an"olive"shape due to deep urban-rural integration.Data analysis shows that there is a considerable income gap among the villagers of J village,with different income disparities within each class;there is strong mobility within the same generation of classes,but weak intergenerational transmission.Compared with the national rural class,the class structure of J village is more rational.The study finds that land transfer has prompted the class structure of J village to begin to change.With the support of reform policies and making full use of the market environment,while leveraging the village's dynamic energy,under the pull of external factors such as policy guidance and market environment,and the push of internal factors such as the collective energy of the village and the individual energy of the villagers,the interaction of internal and external factors promotes a benign change in the social class structure of J village.This article proposes for the first time the"trapezoidal"structure of rural social classes,which may enrich the transitional forms of China's social class structure.