上海市长宁区职业卫生现状调查和对策研究

Occupational health status in Changning District,Shanghai

目的:了解职业卫生监管职能划转后,上海市长宁区职业病危害因素分布及职业卫生管理现状,摸清危害底数结构,为制定职业病防治策略提供依据,促进实施职业健康“数字化转型,精准化管理”。方法:成立调查组,依据职业卫生法律法规,对全部46家用人单位职业卫生现状进行调查研究,对不同规模、不同行业、不同危害因素种类企业职业病防治管理相关参数数据进行统计分析。结果:长宁区的用人单位从规模看,以小微企业为主;从行业分类看,主要为机动车燃油零售行业;从职业病危害因素类别看,化学因素是长宁区主要的职业危害因素;与大型企业相比,微型企业接害率最高。结论:长宁区的职业卫生管理的重点仍然是小微企业、燃油零售行业噪声危害的预防。同时在职业卫生管理制度上仍然要着重抓住职业病危害申报制度与建设项目职业卫生“三同时”制度的落实。建议在相关工作中加强对用人单位的培训和宣传教育,强化用人单位职业病防治主体责任意识,重视对职业卫生用人单位的摸底调查。运用新型监管理念和模式助力职业卫生监督,督促用人单位严格执行新、改、扩建工程项目“三同时”备案制度,通过监督与指导相结合,逐步改善企业职业卫生状况。

Objective:To understand the distribution of occupational hazard factors and the current status of oc-cupational health management in Changning District of Shanghai after the transfer of occupational health supervision functions,to find out the hazard base structure,to provide a basis for the formulation of occupational disease pre-vention and control strategies,and to promote the implementation of"digital transformation and precise manage-ment"of occupational health.Methods:An investigation team was established to investigate the current status of oc-cupational health in all 46 employers in accordance with occupational health laws and regulations,and to analyze the relevant parameters of occupational disease prevention and management in enterprises of different scales,industries,and hazard factors.Results:From the perspective of scale,the employers in Changning District are mainly small and micro enterprises.From the perspective of industry classification,it is mainly motor vehicle fuel retail industry.From the category of occupational hazard factors,chemical factors were the main occupational hazard factors in Changning District.Compared with large enterprises,micro enterprises had the highest exposure rate.Conclusion:The focus of occupational health management in Changning District is still on small and micro enterprises,fuel retail industry,and noise hazard prevention.At the same time,in the occupational health management system,we should still focus on the implementation of the occupational hazard declaration system and the occupational health"three simultaneous"system for construction projects.It is recommended to strengthen training and publicity and education for employers in relevant work,strengthen the awareness of the main responsibility of occupational disease preven-tion and control in employers,pay attention to the bottom line investigation of occupational health employers,use new supervision concepts and models to help occupational health supervision,and urge employers to strictly imple-ment the"three simultaneous"recording system for new,reform,and expansion projects.Through the combination of supervision and guidance,the occupational health status of enterprises should be gradually improved.