稻鳝生态种养不同施肥处理对土壤理化及微生物性状的影响

Effects of Different Fertilization Treatments of Ecological Rice-eel Co-culture on Soil Physicochemical and Microbial Properties

【目的】基于稻鳝生态种养长期定位试验,探讨稻鳝生态种养模式下不同施肥处理对稻田土壤(0~20 cm和20~40 cm)理化性状和微生物群落数量的影响。【方法】采用大田小区试验,共设置6个处理:无稻鳝种养+施肥处理(RT),稻鳝种养+无肥空白(CK),稻鳝种养+施肥处理(IRT),稻鳝种养+70%施肥(IT70%),稻鳝种养+70%施肥+秸秆还田(ITS70%),稻鳝种养+70%施肥+30%有机肥(ITO70%)。【结果】与RT相比,ITS70%处理使0~20 cm和20~40 cm土层的土壤容重显著降低,0~20 cm和20~40 cm土层的土壤R0.25、MWD、GWD显著提升,分别提高了32.15%、75.47%、103.20%和41.04%、100%、118%,使0~20 cm和20~40 cm土层的土壤有机质含量显著提升,分别提高了31.03%和39.23%,使0~20 cm和20~40 cm土层的土壤细菌拷贝数显著提升了27.28%和29.28%,使20~40 cm土层的土壤真菌拷贝数显著提升了21.43%;ITO70%处理使0~20 cm土层的土壤容重显著降低了29.63%;IRT处理则使0~20 cm和20~40 cm土层的土壤全钾含量显著提高了31.65%和23.63%,使0~20 cm和20~40 cm土层的土壤速效钾含量显著提升了31.88%和45.68%。【结论】综上所述,与常规稻田施肥相比,稻鳝生态种养不同施肥类型均使稻田土壤理化性状和微生物群落数量得到有效改善,其中70%施肥并配合秸秆还田改善效果最佳。

[Objective]Based on a long-term located field experiment of ecological rice-eel co-culture,the effects of different fertilization on the physicochemical properties and biological community of paddy soil at different depths(0~20 cm and 20~40 cm)were investigated under ecological planting and cultivation mode of rice and eel.[Method]Six treatments were set up in the field plot experiment:regular fertilization in conventional paddy field(RT),check control without fertilization in ecological rice-eel co-culture(CK),regular fertilization in ecological riceeel co-culture(IRT),70% fertilization in ecological rice-eel co-culture(IT70%),70% fertilization with straw returning in ecological rice-eel co-culture(ITS70%),70% fertilization with organic fertilizer in ecological rice-eel co-culture(ITO70%).[Result]Compared with RT,ITS70% significantly reduced bulk density in 0~20 cm and 20~40 cm soil,and significantly increased R0.25,MWD,GWD in 0~20 cm and 20~40 cm soil by 32.15%,75.47%,103.20% and 41.04%,100%,118%,respectively.The contents of organic matter in 0~20 cm and 20~40 cm soil were significantly increased by 31.03%and 39.23%,respectively.The copy numbers of bacterial in 0~20 cm and 20~40 cm soil significantly increased by 27.68% and 29.28%,and the copy number of fungi in 20~40 cm soil increased by 21.43%.The soil bulk density in 0~20cm soil was significantly reduced by 29.63% under ITO70%treatment.IRT treatment significantly increased the content of total potassium in 0~20 cm and 20~40 cm soil by 31.97% and 24.58%,and significantly increased the content of available potassium by 31.88% and 45.68%.[Conclusion]Different fertilization of ecological rice-eel co-culture improves soil physicochemical properties and microbial community in paddy field compare with RT,and 70% fertilization combined with straw returning has the best improvement effect.