广西龙州高背景镉地区人群镉暴露途径研究

Study on Health Risk and Renal Function of the Populationin High-background Cadmium Area of Longzhou

目的:收集广西某高背景镉地区环境样品土壤、蔬菜和人群晨尿样本,检测重金属Cd的含量水平及其肾功能指标,以揭示该地区居民健康风险及肾功能状况。方法:选取4个相互邻近、自然条件、经济发展水平、生活习惯相近乡镇为研究对象,采集当地土壤(60份)、蔬菜(60份)、5~80岁人群晨尿样品(386份)。对样品进行消解,用ICP-MS测定样品Cd的含量,采用医用法测尿肌酐、尿Cd、尿β2-MG、尿NAG、尿RBP。结果蔬菜土壤与其对应的蔬菜Cd含量分别为1.514 mg/kg、0.412 mg/kg,风险值(10-5~10-4)/a,处于人体可接受风险水平,经口摄入是Cd对人体造成健康危害的主要途径,且儿童风险值大于成人。人群尿Cd含量男性1.46μg/gCr,女性2.09μg/gCr,女性尿Cd负荷比男性大;空间特征表明西南乡镇的尿Cd浓度最高,东南地区最低,呈西南到东北逐渐降低的趋势。尿Cd与尿β2-MG的相关性关系(r=0.512,P<0.01)大于尿NAG(r=0.202,P<0.01)大于尿RBP(r=0.118,P<0.01)。结合线性回归结果表明,尿Cd水平对尿β2-MG影响作用较大(R2=0.251,P<0.01),即尿β2-MG在一定程度上能反映镉致肾功能损害情况。

Objective:In order to reveal the health risk and renal function of the residents in this area,the vegetables and morning urine samples of the environmental samples in the Longzhou highbackground cadmium area were collected to detect the content level and renal function Index of heavy metal Cd.Methods:4 Local soil(60 parts),vegetables(60 parts)and people at the age of 5~80were collected for morning urine samples(386)selected for the study subjects from two villages with adjacent,natural conditions,economic development level and similar living habits.The sample was dispelled,the content of the sample Cd was determined by ICP-MS,and the urine creatinine,urine Cd,urinaryβ2-MG,urinary NAG and urine RBP were measured by medical usage.Results:Vegetable soil and its corresponding vegetable Cd content is respectively1.514 mg/kg,0.412 mg/kg,risk value(10-5~10-4)/a,at the human acceptable risk level.Oral intake is the main way for Cd to cause health harm to the human body,and the risk value of children is greater than that of adults.Population urine Cd content for male is 1.46μg/gCr,female 2.09μg/gCr,female urine Cd load is larger than male's.Spatial characteristics show that the concentration of urine Cd in the Southwest Township is the highest while southeast is at the lowest level,showing a decreasing trend from southwest to northeast.The correlation between urinary Cd and urinaryβ2-MG(r=0.512,p<0.01)was greater than that of urinary NAG(r=0.202,p<0.01)than urine RBP(r=0.118,p<0.01).Combined with the results of linear regression,it is shown that urinary Cd level has a great effect on urinaryβ2-MG(R 2=0.251,p<0.01),that is,urineβ2-MG can reflect the renal function damage caused by cadmium to a certain extent.