恩斯特·布洛赫对乌托邦范畴的重构

On Ernst Bloch’s Reconstruction of Utopian Category

恩斯特·布洛赫面对两次世界大战与资本主义世界文明危机,意识到乌托邦理论中蕴含着变革世界的精神力量,因此他尝试重构乌托邦范畴,改变“乌托邦”在20世纪遭受污名化和无人问津的时代境遇,并进一步将其与马克思主义相结合,探索变革现实世界的可行路径。布洛赫立足人本主义哲学立场,注重挖掘乌托邦范畴之中的道德伦理因素,尝试融合心理学与人类学以丰富乌托邦理论体系。无论是将乌托邦根植于人性并将其上升至本体论范畴,还是通过马克思主义充实其乌托邦哲学并使之成为联系现实的中介,均能体现布洛赫重构乌托邦范畴的最终目的:激发工人阶级的革命意识并建立一个人道化的新世界。

Facing the two world wars and the civilization crisis in the capitalist world,Ernst Bloch realized that utopian theory contained the spiritual power to change the world.Bloch tried to reconstruct the category of utopia,change the stigmatized and marginalized situation of“utopia”in the 20th century,and combined it with Marxist theory to explore a feasible path to change the real world.Based on humanistic philosophy,Bloch focused on exploring the moral and ethical factors in the category of utopia and tried to integrate psychology and anthropology with the utopian theoretical system.Whether attributing utopia to human nature and elevating it to the ontological category,or enriching his utopian philosophy through Marxism and making it a medium for connecting with reality,the ultimate goal of Bloch's reconstruction of utopian category is to stimulate the revolutionary consciousness of the working class and build a humane new world.