“心广体胖”再考——兼论“体便”“便体”“体盘”

A Further Study of Xinguang Tipan with Reference to Tibian,Bianti and Tipan

“心广体胖”之“体胖”,古今学者提出了体大、体安舒、体畅遂、体乐、体便等说法。文章梳理相关语料,认为“体胖”即“体盘”,乃身体高大义,又可指身份高贵、地位尊崇,在字书、文献中可得证明。“胖”之大义,可在字书故训、词义引申逻辑、语源学及其他侧面得到证明。“体便”又作“便体”,上古汉语中有体态轻盈、适宜身体、方便身体数义。与“体胖”不同,“胖”“便”不存在二次通假的关系。郑玄之体大说可取,其余说法存在文献用例过晚,无文献用例可以证明,无训释可依等问题,均难以自圆其说。

The ancient and modern scholars put forward the view of“big body,comfortable body,smooth body,happy body and convenient body”,which echoes with the Tipan in Xinguang Tipan(心广体胖).The article examines the relevant materials,and argues that Tipan(体胖),also known as Tipan(体盘),not only indicates large body,but also refers to high ranking positions,which can be proved in calligraphy and literature.The broad meaning of Pan(胖)can also be proved in the etymology,extended logic of word meaning,etymology and other aspects.Tibian(体便)is also called Bianti(便体).In ancient Chinese,it has the meaning of lightness,fitness and convenience.Different from the meaning of Tipan(体胖),Pan(胖)and Bian(便)do not have the relationship of secondary exchange.Zheng Xuan’s theory of“big body”is preferable,and other theories have problems such as new literature quotations,no literature quotations,and no explanation,resulting in indefensible arguments.