新能源汽车动力电池回收利用过程减碳成效测算

Assessing Carbon Reduction Effect of New Energy Vehicles During the Power Battery Recycling Process

为量化评价新能源汽车动力电池回收利用过程的环境效益,为报废动力电池管理体系和回收再利用相关标准的完善提供支撑,助力国家“双碳”目标的实现,以三元锂电池为研究对象,选取典型的动力电池回收利用场景,将三元锂电池的生命周期划分为4个阶段:原材料获取、制造装配、使用和报废回收,并建立相应的GaBi模型,基于湿法回收A、湿法回收B、火法-湿法联合回收3种不同回收利用方式进行三元锂电池生命周期评价模型搭建与回收再利用过程减碳成效测算。研究结果表明,三元锂电池回收再利用过程有较好的减碳成效,基于3种不同回收工艺的三元锂电池回收再利用可以减少CO_(2)排放量分别为:湿法回收A为60.71kgCO_(2)/kWh;湿法回收B为150.00kgCO_(2)/kWh;火法-湿法联合回收为153.57 kg CO_(2)/kWh。基于这3种不同回收工艺的CO_(2)减排效果从优至劣依次为:湿法-火法联合回收、湿法回收B和湿法回收A。合理的动力电池回收利用方式可以显著减少其回收利用过程中的碳排放量,从而产生更好的环境效益。

To quantitatively evaluate the environmental benefits of the recycling process for new energy vehicle power batteries,and to provide support for the improvement of the management system and relevant standards for end-of-life power batteries,thereby assisting in the implementation of the national“two-carbon”goal,the paper selects ternary lithium batteries as the research subject.The paper identifies typical scenarios for power battery recycling and utilization,divides the lifecycle of ternary lithium batteries into four stages:raw materials acquisition,manufacturing and assembly,usage,and scrap recovery and establishes the corresponding GaBi model.Based on different recycling methods,such as wet recycling A,wet recycling B,and fire-wet combined recovery,a life cycle evaluation model for ternary lithium batteries was built and the carbon reduction efficiency of the recycling and reuse process was calculated.The research results show that the recycling of ternary lithium batteries significantly reduces carbon reductions.Specifically,the carbon dioxide emission reductions for each recycling method are as follows:60.71 kg CO_(2)/kWh for wet recycling A,150.00 kg CO_(2)/kWh for wet recycling B,and 153.57 kg CO_(2)/kWh for fire-wet combined recycling.The carbon dioxide emission reduction efficiency of the three different recovery processes is ranked from best to worst as follows:fire-wet combined recovery,wet recovery B and wet recovery A.Proper recycling of power batteries can significantly reduce carbon emissions during the recycling process,thus producing greater environmental benefits.