铌基低温电池关键材料研究进展

Research progress of key materials for niobium-based low temperature batteries

社会科技的进步也推动了锂电池技术快速发展。锂离子电池的性能受温度影响较大,在低温条件下工作时其性能衰减严重,因此,提高锂离子电池的低温性能成为研究热点。本文综述了基于铌基电极材料的低温锂离子电池近年的研究进展以及影响其低温性能的因素,从电极材料和电解液两个方面总结了改善锂离子电池低温性能的方法。电极材料方面主要介绍了铌基材料的晶体结构和电化学性质、烧结对于铌基材料结构及性能的影响、铌基材料的修饰改性研究以及含铌氧化物低温电化学性能,结果说明了铌基材料独特的赝电容结构能促进离子和电子传导,异质原子的掺杂及其他材料的复合能够使其结构更加稳定,带隙变窄,载流子密度增加,使倍率性能得到提高,从而提高了材料的低温性能;电解液方面从溶剂、添加剂以及锂盐三方面介绍了匹配铌基负极的低温电解液的研究进展,提出采用多元溶剂体系与多种添加剂协同作用可以改善电解液对锂离子电池低温性能的影响,并且大部分线性羧酸酯类溶剂熔、沸点较低,蒸气压较大,能有效改善电池的低温性能。本综述可为设计在低温下具有优异性能的锂离子电池负极材料提供指导。

The progress of science and technology favors the rapid development of lithium-ion battery technology.The performances of lithium-ion battery are greatly affected by temperature,and they will be seriously attenuated at low temperature.Therefore,improving the lowtemperature performance of lithium-ion battery is a research hotspot.Herein,the research progress of low-temperature lithium-ion batteries based on niobium-based electrode materials in recent years and the factors affecting their low-temperature performance are reviewed,and the methods to improve the low-temperature performance of lithium-ion batteries are summarized from the points of view of electrodes and electrolytes.As to electrode materials,the crystal structure and electrochemical properties of niobium-based materials,the influence of sintering on the structure and properties of niobium-based materials,the modification of niobium-based materials and the low-temperature electrochemical properties of niobiumcontaining oxides are mainly introduced.The results show that the unique pseudocapacitance structure of niobium-based materials can promote ion and electron conduction,and the doping of heterogeneous atoms and the recombination of other materials can make its structure more stable,narrow the band gap,increase the carrier density,improve the rate performance,and thus improve the low-temperature performance of the materials.As to electrolytes,the research progress of low temperature electrolytes matched to niobium-based anode will be introduced from three aspects:solvent,additive and lithium salt.It is proposed that the synergistic effect of multi-solvent system and various additives can improve the influence of electrolyte on the low-temperature performance of lithium-ion batteries,and most linear carboxylate solvents can effectively improve the low-temperature performance of batteries because of their low melting point and high vapor pressure.This review may provide a guidance for designing anode materials of low-temperature lithium-ion batteries with excellent performance.