多胎萨福克羊与哈萨克羊级进杂交后代生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质及血液生理生化指标分析

Analysis of Growth Performance,Slaughter Performance,Meat Quality,Blood Physiological and Biochemical Indexes of the Lambs Produced by Grading Crossing Between Multiparous Suffolk Sheep and Kazakh Sheep

【目的】了解天然放牧条件下多胎萨福克羊与哈萨克羊级进杂交羔羊的生长性能、屠宰性能和肉品质等,评估多胎萨福克羊对哈萨克羊的级进杂交改良效果。【方法】试验以3月龄体况、体型基本一致的多胎萨福克羊及其与哈萨克羊级进杂交F1、F2代和哈萨克公羊为研究对象,天然放牧条件下饲养,试验预试期10 d,正试期90 d。试验结束后选择接近组内平均体重羔羊各10只,屠宰前测定各试验羊体尺指标,屠宰后分别测定屠宰性能、肉品质、营养成分及血液生理生化指标。【结果】(1)多胎萨福克羊、级进杂交F1和F2代羔羊的体高、胸深、宰前活重、胴体重、屠宰率、肉骨比、眼肌面积均显著高于哈萨克羊(P<0.05);级进杂交F1代羔羊和哈萨克羊的背脂厚度、尾脂重显著高于多胎萨福克羊和级进杂交F2代羔羊(P<0.05)。(2)级进杂交F1代羔羊背最长肌水分含量显著高于多胎萨福克羊、级进杂交F2代羔羊和哈萨克羊(P<0.05);哈萨克羊背最长肌中铁、锌、镁和粗脂肪含量均显著高于多胎萨福克羊、级进杂交F1和F2代(P<0.05)。(3)多胎萨福克羊、级进杂交F1和F2代羔羊血液中白细胞数、嗜碱性粒细胞数、中性粒细胞数、嗜酸性粒细胞数、淋巴细胞数等显著高于哈萨克羊,嗜碱性粒细胞百分比、嗜酸性粒细胞百分比、血小板总数、平均血小板体积等均显著低于哈萨克羊(P<0.05)。(4)多胎萨福克羊、级进杂交F1和F2代羔羊血清中碱性磷酸酶活性显著高于哈萨克羊,总蛋白含量显著低于哈萨克羊(P<0.05);级进杂交F1代羔羊血清中谷丙转氨酶活性、铁含量均显著低于哈萨克羊(P<0.05);多胎萨福克羊血清白蛋白含量显著高于级进杂交F1、F2代和哈萨克羊(P<0.05)。【结论】天然放牧条件下,多胎萨福克羊及其级进杂交后代的产肉性能高于哈萨克羊,随着杂交代数的增加,屠宰性能明显提升、肉品质得到改善。

【Objective】The purpose of this experiment was to understand the growth performance,slaughter performance and meat quality of the lambs produced by grading crossing between multiparous Suffolk sheep and Kazakh sheep under natural grazing conditions,and evaluate the improvement effect of grading crossing of multiparous Suffolk sheep on Kazakh sheep.【Method】The study was conducted on multiparous Suffolk sheep and its F1 and F2 generations of progressive hybridization with Kazakh sheep,and Kazakh sheep at 3 months old,which had similar physical condition and body shape.They were raised under natural grazing conditions,with a pre-trial period of 10 days and a trial period of 90 days.After the experiment,10 lambs with an average body weight close to the group were selected.Measured the body size indicators before slaughter,and measured the slaughter performance,meat quality,nutritional composition,and blood physiological and biochemical indicators after slaughter.【Result】①The body height,chest depth,live weight before slaughter,carcass weight,slaughter rate,meat to bone ratio,and eye muscle area of multiparous Suffolk sheep and hybrid F1 and F2 lambs were significantly higher than those of Kazakh sheep(P<0.05).The back fat thickness and tail fat weight of hybrid F1 lambs and Kazakh sheep were significantly higher than those of the multiparous Suffolk sheep and hybrid F2 lambs(P<0.05).②The water content of the longissimus dorsi muscle in hybrid F1 lambs was significantly higher than that in the multiparous Suffolk sheep,hybrid F2 lambs and Kazakh sheep(P<0.05).The content of iron,zinc,magnesium,and crude fat in the longissimus dorsi muscle of Kazakh sheep were significantly higher than that of multiparous Suffolk sheep,hybrid F1 and F2 lambs(P<0.05).③The white blood cell count,basophil count,neutrophil count,eosinophil count,and lymphocyte count of multiparous Suffolk sheep,hybrid F1 and F2 lambs were significantly higher than those of Kazakh sheep,while the percentage of basophils,percentage of eosinophils,total platelet count,and average platelet volume were significantly lower than those of Kazakh sheep(P<0.05).④The alkaline phosphatase activity in the serum of multiparous Suffolk sheep,hybrid F1 and F2 lambs was significantly higher than that of Kazakh sheep,and the total protein content was significantly lower than that of Kazakh sheep(P<0.05).The serum alanine aminotransferase activity and iron content of hybrid F1 lambs were significantly lower than those of Kazakh sheep(P<0.05).The serum albumin content of multiparous Suffolk sheep was significantly higher than that of hybrid F1 and F2 lambs,and Kazakh sheep(P<0.05).【Conclusion】Under natural grazing conditions,the meat production performance of multiparous Suffolk sheep and their progeny of grading crossing was higher than that of Kazakh sheep.With the increase of hybridization generations,the slaughtering performance and meat quality were obviously improved.