Robo2基因对黑色素形成影响的研究进展

Research Progress on the Effect of Robo 2 Gene on Melanin Formation

黑色素是一类生物色素,具有抗氧化、调控体温和防辐射等重要作用,虽不是生物生长发育所必需物质,但它的存在可提高生物的生存竞争能力。动物黑色素是由黑素细胞内的细胞器黑素小体合成储存,动物黑素细胞主要是神经嵴细胞沿背侧路径迁移分化形成。环形交叉路口引导受体2(roundabout guidance receptor 2,Robo2)基因属于轴突导向分子家族Robo的一员,是指导背部轴突导向的主要受体。笔者通过介绍动物黑色素形成和合成途径,简述Robo2基因的来源及功能,分述Robo2基因在黑色素形成中对神经元生长锥方向移动、小眼畸形相关转录因子(microphthalmia-associated transcription factor, MITF)表达和轴突发育的作用,并对黑色素合成机制进行补充,为后期寻找影响黑色素合成的主效基因和揭示黑色素合成机制提供理论依据。但目前对于Robo2基因在黑色素形成中的具体作用机制和调控途径还存在许多未解之谜,需要进一步的研究来揭示。

Melanin is a kind of biological pigment,which plays an important role in antioxidant,temperature regulation and radiation protection.Although it is not necessary for biological growth and development,its existence can improve the survival and competitiveness of organisms.Animal melanin is synthesized and stored by the organelle melanosomes in melanocytes.Animal melanocytes are mainly neural crest cells that migrate and differentiate along the dorsal path.Roundabout guidance receptor 2(Robo2)gene is a member of Robo,a family of axon guidance molecules,and is the main receptor for guiding dorsal axon guidance.By introducing the formation and synthesis pathway of animal melanin,the author briefly describes the source and function of Robo 2 gene,and describes the role of Robo 2 gene in the direction of neuronal growth cone movement,the expression of microphthalmia associated transcription factor(MITF)and axonal development during melanin formation,and complements the mechanism of melanin synthesis,This study provides a theoretical basis for finding the major genes affecting melanin synthesis and revealing the mechanism of melanin synthesis.However,there are still many unsolved mysteries about the specific mechanism and regulatory pathway of Robo 2 gene in melanin formation,which need further research to reveal.