产业链核心技术堵点识别与分析研究——以芯片产业为例

Identification and Analysis of Core Technology BlockagePoints in the Industrial Chain——Taking the IC Industry as an Example

大国竞争格局下,全球产业链技术合作受限,进行技术堵点识别与分析对防范重大科技风险,突破技术封锁,实现产业链自主可控具有重要作用。本研究从专利视角出发,结合美国出口管制清单,采用文本分析法、对比分析法、LDA主题建模,将产业链技术竞争情报进行对比,构建了集成不同数据源开展关联分析的研究框架,对亟待突破却受到技术限制的核心技术堵点进行产业链定位,深度剖析核心专利竞争与出口管制政策的内在关系。在芯片领域实证研究发现在数字计算设备、印片设备与光刻工艺领域中国存在核心技术堵点,对应的产业链环节为制造设备与材料,存在核心专利被提前卡位问题,研发材料与创新技术路线可作为突破技术封锁实现自主可控的途径。本研究为复杂国际竞争下产业核心技术堵点发现与分析提供了一种新框架。

Under a competitive environment,technical cooperation of the global industrial chain is limited.The analysis and identification of technical blockage points plays an important role in preventing major technological risks,breaking through technological barriers,and constructing independent and controllable industrial chains.From the perspective of patents,combined with the US export control list,using text analysis,comparative analysis,and LDA topic modeling,the research compares the technological competitive state of the industrial chain,and builds a framework that integrates different data sources for related analysis.The industry chain positioning is carried out on core technology blocking points that are in urgent need of breakthrough but subject to technical limitations.The intrinsic relationship between core patent competition and export control policies is deeply analyzed.Empirical research in the field of integrated circuit has found that there are core technology blockages in China in the fields of digital computing equipment,printing equipment and lithography technology.The corresponding industrial chains are manufacturing equipment and materials.There is a problem of core patents being blocked in advance.Innovation in materials and technical routes can be used as a way to break through technological blockades and achieve independent controllability.The research provides an effective analysis framework for the discovery of industrial core technology blockages under the background of international competition.