知识基础、认知邻近与城市突破性创新——基于772万条发明专利的实证分析

Knowledge Base,Cognitive Proximity and Breakthrough Innovation——An Empirical Analysis Based on 7.72 Million Invention Patents

本文以2000—2018年国内281个城市为研究对象,通过专利大数据挖掘,采用每年获得引用数前2%的发明专利衡量突破性创新,使用固定效应模型和面板分位数模型,实证检验知识基础和区域合作认知邻近性对城市突破性创新的影响及其交互效应。研究发现:①知识相关多样性是城市突破性创新的主要驱动力,技术突破多源于相关技术领域内部的知识溢出;②知识非相关多样性与城市突破性创新呈倒U形关系,且在高创新等级城市发挥重要驱动作用,并随着突破性门槛提高,非相关技术领域间知识溢出的创新效应提升;③合作城市认知邻近调节知识基础和突破性创新的关系,当城市知识基础非相关多样性较强时,高认知邻近性的跨区知识合作有助于技术突破,而当城市拥有相关性较强的知识基础时,构建较高认知距离的跨区知识合作关系更优。本研究结论可对提高城市突破性创新能力、加快实现高水平科技自立自强提供理论支撑和实证依据。

Through patent big data mining,the top 2%of patents cited per year were used to measure breakthrough innovation in 281 Chinese cities from 2000 to 2018.The fixed-effect model and panel quantile model were used to empirically examine the influence and interaction effects of knowledge base and cognitive proximity of regional cooperation on breakthrough innovation.The findings are as follows.①Related variety is the main driving force of breakthrough innovation in Chinese cities,and technological breakthroughs mainly result from knowledge spillovers within related technological fields.②There is an inverted U-shaped relationship between unrelated variety and breakthrough innovation,which plays an important role in high level cities,and with the increase of breakthrough threshold,the innovation effect of knowledge spillover among unrelated technological fields increases.③Cognitive proximity regulates the relationship between knowledge base and breakthrough innovation.When a city has an unrelated variety knowledge base,cross-regional knowledge cooperation with high cognitive proximity is conducive to technological breakthrough,but when a city has a highly related variety knowledge base,it is better to construct cross-regional knowledge cooperation relationships with higher cognitive distance.The research results provide theoretical support and empirical evidence for improving the city s breakthrough innovation ability and accelerating the realization of sci-tech self-reliance and self-strengthening at higher levels.