论中国的双边命运共同体外交:进展、形态与挑战

On China’s Diplomatic Relations of Bilateral Community with a Shared Future:Development,Conformation and Challenges

中国的双边命运共同体外交形成在党的十八大之后,不仅是中国外交中的一个新现象和新事物,也是国家间关系的一种新形态和新范式。从实质上讲,这是一种更高质量、更高水平、更为紧密、全面与深入的双边合作关系。其发展可以分为两个阶段,生成过程大致要经历四个步骤。中国的双边命运共同体外交离不开先进外交理念的指引和正确外交原则的规范,这个理念是以人类命运共同体为总纲的当代中国外交理念体系,这个原则包括和平、平等、自主、包容、协商与共赢。中国的双边命运共同体外交仍然在伙伴关系外交的范畴内,是在新时代和百年未有之大变局这个特定时代背景中,对原有的战略伙伴关系的补充和提升。从长远来看,它还面临着概念模糊、发展泛化、伙伴国内政外交的不确定性以及美国对华战略竞争这四个方面的潜在挑战,对此,中国应未雨绸缪采取有效的应对策略。

China’s diplomatic relations of bilateral community with a shared future was formed after the 18th National Congress of the CPC.It is not only a new phenomenon and a new thing in China’s diplomacy,but also a new pattern and a new paradigm of interstate relations.In essence,it is a higher quality,higher level,closer,more comprehensive and more in-depth cooperative relationship.Taking the large-scale out⁃break of COVID-19 in January 2020 as the boundary,its development can be divided into two stages,and its formation process often go through four steps.China’s diplomatic relations of bilateral community with a shared future cannot be separated from the advanced notion and correct principles on diplomacy.The notion is the contemporary China’s diplomatic notion system based on a community with a shared future for man⁃kind.The principles include peace,equality,autonomy,inclusiveness,consultation and win-win.Although China’s diplomatic relations of bilateral community with a shared future is still within the category of partnership diplomacy,which is a supplement and enhancement of the partnership diplomacy in the con⁃text of the new era and a great change unseen in a century.In the long run,it also faces potential challenges in four aspects:ambiguity of the concept,generalization of the relations,uncertainty in the domestic situa⁃tion and foreign policy of the partner countries and constraint from the US strategic competition with China.Therefore,China should look far ahead and adopt effective strategies.